Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature

Kocjan, Maciej; Kosowski, Michał; Mazurkiewicz, Michalina; Muzyk, Piotr; Nowakowski, Krzysztof; Kawecki, Jakub; Morawiec, Beata; Kawecki, Damian

doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102242

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.

Open AccessReview

Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature

by

Maciej Kocjan

^1,†,

Michał Kosowski

^2,†

,

Michalina Mazurkiewicz

¹

,

Piotr Muzyk

¹,

Krzysztof Nowakowski

³

,

Jakub Kawecki

¹,

Beata Morawiec

^1,*,‡

and

Damian Kawecki

^1,‡

¹

2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland

²

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland

³

Department of Urology and Urological Oncology in Rybnik, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work as first authors.

^‡

These authors contributed equally to this work as senior authors.

Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2242; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102242

Submission received: 21 August 2024 / Revised: 14 September 2024 / Accepted: 26 September 2024 / Published: 1 October 2024

(This article belongs to the Section Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery)

Download Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Due to their very wide range of indications, anticoagulants are one of the most commonly used drug groups. Although these drugs are characterized by different mechanisms of action, the most common complication of their use is still bleeding episodes, the frequency of which depends largely on the clinical condition of the patient using such therapy. For this reason, to this day, the best method of preventing bleeding complications remains the assessment of bleeding risk using scales such as HAS-BLED. There are many reports in the literature assessing the occurrence of this type of complication after the use of drugs affecting the coagulation process, as well as many reports comparing individual groups of drugs with different mechanisms of action. However, there are still no clear guidelines that would indicate which group of anticoagulants should be preferred in particular groups of patients. The aim of our article is to summarize the data collected so far regarding the safety of using specific groups of anticoagulants and the frequency of bleeding complications after their use.

Keywords: direct oral anticoagulants; heparins; vitamin K antagonists; fondaparinux; anticoagulation therapy; bleeding complications

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kocjan, M.; Kosowski, M.; Mazurkiewicz, M.; Muzyk, P.; Nowakowski, K.; Kawecki, J.; Morawiec, B.; Kawecki, D. Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102242

AMA Style

Kocjan M, Kosowski M, Mazurkiewicz M, Muzyk P, Nowakowski K, Kawecki J, Morawiec B, Kawecki D. Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(10):2242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102242

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kocjan, Maciej, Michał Kosowski, Michalina Mazurkiewicz, Piotr Muzyk, Krzysztof Nowakowski, Jakub Kawecki, Beata Morawiec, and Damian Kawecki. 2024. "Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature" Biomedicines 12, no. 10: 2242. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102242

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Bleeding Complications of Anticoagulation Therapy in Clinical Practice—Epidemiology and Management: Review of the Literature

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI