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Open AccessArticle
Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus—A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus
by
Johann Gross
Johann Gross 1,2,*,
Marlies Knipper
Marlies Knipper 2,3 and
Birgit Mazurek
Birgit Mazurek 1
1
Tinnitus Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
2
Leibniz Society of Science Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
3
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071615 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 June 2024
/
Revised: 11 July 2024
/
Accepted: 12 July 2024
/
Published: 19 July 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify key proteins of synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that are involved in normal hearing, acoustic stimulation, and tinnitus. A gene list was compiled from the GeneCards database using the keywords “synaptic transmission” AND “tinnitus” AND “cochlear nucleus” (Tin). For comparison, two gene lists with the keywords “auditory perception” (AP) AND “acoustic stimulation” (AcouStim) were built. The STRING protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and the Cytoscape data analyzer were used to identify the top two high-degree proteins (HDPs) and their high-score interaction proteins (HSIPs), together referred to as key proteins. The top1 key proteins of the Tin-process were BDNF, NTRK1, NTRK3, and NTF3; the top2 key proteins are FOS, JUN, CREB1, EGR1, MAPK1, and MAPK3. Highly significant GO terms in CN in tinnitus were “RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex”, “late endosome”, cellular response to cadmium ion”, “cellular response to reactive oxygen species”, and “nerve growth factor signaling pathway”, indicating changes in vesicle and cell homeostasis. In contrast to the spiral ganglion, where important changes in tinnitus are characterized by processes at the level of cells, important biological changes in the CN take place at the level of synapses and transcription.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gross, J.; Knipper, M.; Mazurek, B.
Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus—A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071615
AMA Style
Gross J, Knipper M, Mazurek B.
Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus—A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(7):1615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071615
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gross, Johann, Marlies Knipper, and Birgit Mazurek.
2024. "Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus—A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus" Biomedicines 12, no. 7: 1615.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071615
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