Effects of Resistant-Starch-Encapsulated Probiotic Cocktail on Intestines Damaged by 5-Fluorouracil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Probiotic Cocktail and RS-Based Encapsulation Technique
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis
2.3. Test of Tolerance of Pro and RS-Pro to Acid and Bile Salt Solutions
2.4. Animal Study
2.5. Gut Microbiota Analysis
2.6. Counting of Blood Cells (CBC)
2.7. Histology Analysis of Intestinal Tissue
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. RS Encapsulation Enhanced Tolerance of Probiotics to Gastric Acid and Bile Salts
3.2. Probiotics Alongside 5-FU Treatment Altered Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota
3.3. Supplementation with Probiotics Demonstrated Potential to Attenuate 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Damage and Hematologic Toxicity
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phyla Relative Abundance (%) | Control | 5-FU | 5-FU+Pro | 5-FU+RS-Pro |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteroidota | 52.01 ± 12.77 | 22.57 ± 14.49 | 29.72 ± 22.27 | 22.53 ± 11.78 |
Firmicutes | 46.36 ± 13.50 | 72.50 ± 10.50 | 67.51 ± 20.34 | 72.90 ± 11.27 |
Proteobacteria | 0.72 ± 0.86 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.34 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
unclassified | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 2.96 ± 3.70 | 0.83 ± 0.41 | 1.99 ± 2.09 |
Deferribacterota | 0.25 ± 0.26 | 1.71 ± 1.76 | 1.59 ± 2.0 | 2.49 ± 2.90 |
Actinobacteriota | 0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
Patescibacteria | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.13 | 0.04 ± 0.03 |
Crenarchaeota | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
Acidobacteriota | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
Chloroflexi | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) | 0.96 ± 0.45 | 4.54 ± 3.27 | 8.45 ± 12.37 | 4.13 ± 2.76 |
Items | Unit | 5-FU | 5-FU+Pro | 5-FU+RS-Pro | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before (Day 0) | After (Day 26) | p | Before (Day 0) | After (Day 26) | p | Before (Day 0) | After (Day 26) | p | ||
WBCs | ×103 cells/µL | 11.13 ± 2.28 | 8.77 ± 0.73 | 0.04 | 11.82 ± 2.28 | 9.55 ± 1.95 | 0.20 | 12.06 ± 2.15 | 10.65 ± 2.16 | 0.15 |
RBCs | ×106 cells/µL | 10.80 ± 0.23 | 10.23 ± 0.17 | <0.001 | 11.01 ± 0.35 | 10.52 ± 0.31 | 0.09 | 10.80 ± 0.26 | 10.20 ± 0.25 | 0.02 |
HGB | g/dL | 16.75 ± 0.33 | 16.13 ± 0.30 | <0.01 | 17.07 ± 0.54 | 16.55 ± 0.41 | 0.20 | 16.80 ± 0.41 | 16.08 ± 0.39 | 0.06 |
PLT | ×103 cells/µL | 723.17 ± 57.59 | 862.67 ± 46.82 | <0.001 | 727.00 ± 122 | 854.50 ± 57.13 | 0.08 | 702.17 ± 27.95 | 825.00 ± 97.98 | 0.01 |
abs_ret | ×103 cells/µL | 540.88 ± 90.53 | 416.77 ± 41.77 | <0.01 | 524.80 ± 42.36 | 451.63 ± 40.4 | 0.04 | 493.93 ± 47.6 | 447.53 ± 48.02 | 0.06 |
abs_neuts | ×103 cells/µL | 2.35 ± 0.75 | 1.54 ± 0.36 | 0.03 | 2.07 ± 0.62 | 1.75 ± 0.55 | 0.37 | 1.86 ± 0.42 | 2.02 ± 0.48 | 0.60 |
abs_lymphs | ×103 cells/µL | 8.35 ± 2.28 | 6.94 ± 0.55 | 0.17 | 9.29 ± 1.84 | 7.49 ± 1.48 | 0.20 | 9.73 ± 1.7 | 8.27 ± 1.75 | 0.05 |
abs_monos | ×103 cells/µL | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.27 ± 0.1 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 0.12 |
abs_eos | ×103 cells/µL | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.11 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 0.26 |
abs_basos | ×103 cells/µL | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.20 |
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Wang, J.-L.; Yeh, C.-H.; Huang, S.-H.; Wu, L.S.-H.; Chen, M.C.-M. Effects of Resistant-Starch-Encapsulated Probiotic Cocktail on Intestines Damaged by 5-Fluorouracil. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081912
Wang J-L, Yeh C-H, Huang S-H, Wu LS-H, Chen MC-M. Effects of Resistant-Starch-Encapsulated Probiotic Cocktail on Intestines Damaged by 5-Fluorouracil. Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8):1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081912
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jui-Ling, Chin-Hsing Yeh, Shih-Hung Huang, Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu, and Miles Chih-Ming Chen. 2024. "Effects of Resistant-Starch-Encapsulated Probiotic Cocktail on Intestines Damaged by 5-Fluorouracil" Biomedicines 12, no. 8: 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081912