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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/biomedicines13020473
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Review

A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches

by
Xiaobin Liao
1,2,
Yibin Zhang
1,2,
Jialu Xu
1,3,
Jiaxin Yin
1,3,
Shan Li
1,3,
Kun Dong
1,3,
Xiaoli Shi
1,3,
Weijie Xu
1,3,
Delin Ma
1,3,
Xi Chen
1,3,
Xuefeng Yu
1,3 and
Yan Yang
1,3,*
1
Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
2
Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
3
Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan 430030, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020473
Submission received: 11 January 2025 / Revised: 10 February 2025 / Accepted: 12 February 2025 / Published: 14 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology and Metabolism Research)
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Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects many people, with both its incidence and prevalence rising globally. Diabetes can lead to various complications, among which cognitive impairment in diabetic patients significantly impacts their daily life and blood glucose management, complicating treatment and worsening prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment are essential to ensure the health of diabetic patients. However, there is currently no widely accepted and effective method for the early diagnosis of diabetes-related cognitive impairment. This review aims to summarize potential screening and diagnostic methods, as well as biomarkers, for cognitive impairment in diabetes, including retinal structure and function examination, brain imaging, and peripheral blood biomarkers, providing valuable information and support for clinical decision making and future research.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus; cognitive dysfunction; biomarkers; diagnosis diabetes mellitus; cognitive dysfunction; biomarkers; diagnosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liao, X.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, J.; Yin, J.; Li, S.; Dong, K.; Shi, X.; Xu, W.; Ma, D.; Chen, X.; et al. A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020473

AMA Style

Liao X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yin J, Li S, Dong K, Shi X, Xu W, Ma D, Chen X, et al. A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(2):473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liao, Xiaobin, Yibin Zhang, Jialu Xu, Jiaxin Yin, Shan Li, Kun Dong, Xiaoli Shi, Weijie Xu, Delin Ma, Xi Chen, and et al. 2025. "A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches" Biomedicines 13, no. 2: 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020473

APA Style

Liao, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Yin, J., Li, S., Dong, K., Shi, X., Xu, W., Ma, D., Chen, X., Yu, X., & Yang, Y. (2025). A Narrative Review on Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes: Global Trends and Diagnostic Approaches. Biomedicines, 13(2), 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020473

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