Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Lines and Cell Culture
2.2. CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay
2.3. EdU Flow Cytometry Assay
2.4. Expression Vector Constructs and Stable Transfection
2.5. MALT1 CRISPR/dCas9 Lentiviral Activation Particles Transduction
2.6. Gene Knockdown
2.7. Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Extraction Assay
2.8. Immunoblot Assays
2.9. Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction
2.10. Reporter Vector Constructs
2.11. Transient Transfection and Reporter Assay
2.12. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
2.13. Xenograft Animal Model
2.14. Soft Agar Cloning Assay
2.15. Matrigel Invasion Assay
2.16. Immunohistochemical Assay
2.17. NF-κB (p65) Transcription Factor Binding Assay
2.18. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Expression of MALT1 in Prostate Carcinoma Cells and Prostate Tissues
3.2. Ectopic MALT1 Overexpression Induces IL-6 and CXCL5 via Activation of NF-κB Signaling to Enhance Cell Proliferation and Invasion In Vitro
3.3. Upregulation of Endogenous MALT1 Expression Activates NF-κB to Enhance Tumorigenesis In Vitro
3.4. Knockdown of MALT1 Attenuates Cell Proliferation and Cell Invasion In Vitro and Decreases Tumor Growth In Vivo
3.5. MALT1 Modulates NF-κB Activation in PC-3 Cells
3.6. NF-κB Activity Modulates MALT1 Expression in PC-3 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tsui, K.-H.; Chang, K.-S.; Sung, H.-C.; Hsu, S.-Y.; Lin, Y.-H.; Hou, C.-P.; Yang, P.-S.; Chen, C.-L.; Feng, T.-H.; Juang, H.-H. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030250
Tsui K-H, Chang K-S, Sung H-C, Hsu S-Y, Lin Y-H, Hou C-P, Yang P-S, Chen C-L, Feng T-H, Juang H-H. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(3):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030250
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsui, Ke-Hung, Kang-Shuo Chang, Hsin-Ching Sung, Shu-Yuan Hsu, Yu-Hsiang Lin, Chen-Pang Hou, Pei-Shan Yang, Chien-Lun Chen, Tsui-Hsia Feng, and Horng-Heng Juang. 2021. "Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue 1 Is an Oncogene Inducing Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor Growth via the Upregulation of NF-κB Activity in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells" Biomedicines 9, no. 3: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030250