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Biomedicines
Volume 9
Issue 3
10.3390/biomedicines9030253
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Article

The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine/Anserine Supplementation against Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

by
Giuseppe Caruso
1,
Justyna Godos
2,
Sabrina Castellano
3,
Agnieszka Micek
4,
Paolo Murabito
5,
Fabio Galvano
2,
Raffaele Ferri
6,
Giuseppe Grosso
2,* and
Filippo Caraci
1,6
1
Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
3
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
4
Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
5
Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
6
Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2021, 9(3), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030253
Submission received: 29 December 2020 / Revised: 26 February 2021 / Accepted: 27 February 2021 / Published: 4 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crosstalk between Depression, Anxiety, Dementia, and Chronic Pain: Comorbidity in Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry 2.0)
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Abstract

Carnosine is a natural occurring endogenous dipeptide that was proposed as an anti-aging agent more than 20 years ago. Carnosine can be found at low millimolar concentrations at brain level and different preclinical studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activity with neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A selective deficit of carnosine has also been linked to cognitive decline in AD. Different clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact of carnosine supplementation against cognitive decline in elderly and AD subjects. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines coupled to the PICOS approach, to investigate the therapeutic potential of carnosine against cognitive decline and depressive symptoms in elderly subjects. We found five studies matching the selection criteria. Carnosine/anserine was administered for 12 weeks at a dose of 1 g/day and improved global cognitive function, whereas no effects were detected on depressive symptoms. These data suggest a preliminary evidence of clinical efficacy of carnosine against cognitive decline both in elderly subjects and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, although larger and long-term clinical studies are needed in MCI patients (with or without depression) to confirm the therapeutic potential of carnosine.
Keywords: carnosine; cognitive function; depressive symptoms; age-related cognitive decline; Alzheimer’s disease; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress carnosine; cognitive function; depressive symptoms; age-related cognitive decline; Alzheimer’s disease; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Caruso, G.; Godos, J.; Castellano, S.; Micek, A.; Murabito, P.; Galvano, F.; Ferri, R.; Grosso, G.; Caraci, F. The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine/Anserine Supplementation against Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030253

AMA Style

Caruso G, Godos J, Castellano S, Micek A, Murabito P, Galvano F, Ferri R, Grosso G, Caraci F. The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine/Anserine Supplementation against Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(3):253. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030253

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caruso, Giuseppe, Justyna Godos, Sabrina Castellano, Agnieszka Micek, Paolo Murabito, Fabio Galvano, Raffaele Ferri, Giuseppe Grosso, and Filippo Caraci. 2021. "The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine/Anserine Supplementation against Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis" Biomedicines 9, no. 3: 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030253

APA Style

Caruso, G., Godos, J., Castellano, S., Micek, A., Murabito, P., Galvano, F., Ferri, R., Grosso, G., & Caraci, F. (2021). The Therapeutic Potential of Carnosine/Anserine Supplementation against Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines, 9(3), 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030253

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