Teachers’ and Parents’ Assessment of Challenges in Children Exhibiting Sensory Seeking Behavior and Possible Effects of the Use of Ball Vests: A Pre–Post Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Procedures
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Methodological Considerations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Boys (n = 51) | Girls (n = 19) | Total Sample (N = 70) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 73.2% | 26.8% | |
Mean age, years (SD) | 9.28 (1.82) | 8.50 (1.56) | 8.93 (1.70) |
SSP score, Mean (SD) | 132 (17.05) | 130 (16.04) | 130 (16.01) |
Diagnosis % (n) * | |||
None | 73.1 (38) | 68.4 (13) | 71.8 (51) |
ADHD | 17.3 (9) | 15.8 (3) | 17.1 (12) |
Autism | 5.8 (3) | 0.0 (0) | 4.3 (3) |
Born premature | 3.9 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 2.9 (2) |
Other ** | 9.6 (5) | 15.8 (3) | 11.4 (8) |
Total (n = 60 *) | Boys (n = 43 *) | Girls (n = 17 *) | Difference between Boys and Girls p-Value | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not True % (n) | Somewhat True % (n) | Certainly True % (n) | Not True % (n) | Somewhat True % (n) | Certainly True % (n) | Not True % (n) | Somewhat True % (n) | Certainly True % (n) | ||
Considerate of other people’s feelings | 8.3 (5) | 58.3 (35) | 33.3 (20) | 7.0 (3) | 62.8 (27) | 30.2 (13) | 11.8 (2) | 47.1 (8) | 41.2 (7) | 0.720 |
Restless, overactive, cannot stay still for long | 6.7 (4) | 26.7 (16) | 66.7 (40) | 2.3 (1) | 20.9 (9) | 76.7 (33) | 17.6 (3) | 41.2 (7) | 41.2 (7) | 0.004 Boys |
Often complains of headaches, stomach aches, or sickness | 71.7 (43) | 16.7 (10) | 11.7 (7) | 72.1 (31) | 14.0 (6) | 14.0 (6) | 70.6 (12) | 23.5 (4) | 5.9 (1) | 0.741 |
Often has temper tantrums or hot tempers * | 54.2 (32) | 23.7 (14) | 22.0 (13) | 52.4 (22) | 23.8 (10) | 23.8 (10) | 58.8 (10) | 23.5 (4) | 17.6 (3) | 0.592 |
Rather solitary, tends to play alone | 50.0 (30) | 43.3 (26) | 6.7 (4) | 51.2 (22) | 41.9 (18) | 7.0 (3) | 47.1 (8) | 47.1 (8) | 5.9 (1) | 0.866 |
Generally obedient, usually does what adults request | 10.0 (6) | 53.3 (32) | 36.7 (22) | 14.0 (6) | 58.1 (25) | 27.9 (12) | 0.0 (0) | 41.2 (7) | 58.8 (10) | 0.014 |
Many worries, often seems worried | 51.7 (31) | 35.0 (21) | 13.3 (8) | 53.5 (23) | 39.5 (17) | 7.0 (3) | 47.1 (8) | 23.5 (4) | 29.4 (5) | 0.159 |
Constantly fidgeting or squirming | 6.7 (4) | 21.7 (13) | 71.7 (43) | 0.0 (0) | 18.6 (8) | 81.4 (35) | 23.5 (4) | 29.4 (5) | 47.1 (8) | <0.001 Boys |
Easily distracted, concentration wanders | 3.3 (2) | 18.3 (11) | 78.3 (47) | 2.3 (1) | 9.3 (4) | 88.4 (38) | 5.9 (1) | 41.2 (7) | 52.9 (9) | 0.007 |
Nervous or clingy in new situations, easily loses confidence ** | 40.0 (24) | 36.7 (22) | 23.3 (14) | 44.2 (19) | 34.9 (15) | 20.9 (9) | 29.4 (5) | 41.2 (7) | 29.4 (5) | 0.301 |
Gets on better with adults than with other children | 58.3 (35) | 36.7 (22) | 5.0 (3) | 55.8 (24) | 39.5 (17) | 4.7 (2) | 64.7 (11) | 29.4 (5) | 5.9 (1) | 0.653 |
Many fears, easily scared | 78.3 (47) | 18.3 (11) | 3.3 (2) | 74.4 (32) | 20.9 (9) | 4.7 (2) | 88.2 (15) | 11.8 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 0.205 |
Sees tasks through to the end, good attention span | 58.3 (35) | 30.0 (18) | 11.7 (7) | 74.4 (32) | 23.3 (10) | 2.3 (1) | 17.6 (3) | 47.1 (8) | 35.3 (6) | <0.001 Girls |
Total (N = 58 *) | Boys (n = 42 *) | Girls (n = 16 *) | Difference between Boys and Girls p-Value | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Not at All % (n) | Only a Little % (n) | Quite a Lot % (n) | A Great Deal % (n) | Not at All % (n) | Only a Little % (n) | Quite a Lot % (n) | A Great Deal % (n) | Not at All % (n) | Only a Little % (n) | Quite a Lot % (n) | A Great Deal % (n) | ||
Distress the pupil | 17.2 (10) | 44.8 (26) | 27.6 (16) | 10.3 (6) | 19.0 (8) | 47.6 (20) | 23.8 (10) | 9.5 (4) | 12.5 (2) | 37.5 (6) | 37.5 (6) | 12.5 (2) | 0.313 |
Affect friendships | 10.3 (6) | 37.9 (22) | 34.5 (20) | 17.2 (10) | 9.5 (4) | 42.9 (18) | 31.0 (13) | 16.7 (7) | 12.5 (2) | 25.0 (4) | 43.8 (7) | 18.8 (3) | 0.596 |
Affect learning | 3.4 (2) | 34.5 (20) | 44.8 (26) | 17.2 (10) | 0.0 (0) | 28.6 (12) | 50.0 (21) | 21.4 (9) | 12.5 (2) | 50.0 (8) | 31.3 (5) | 6.3 (1) | 0.007 Boys |
Affect classroom environment | 12.1 (7) | 31.0 (18) | 39.7 (23) | 17.2 (10) | 4.8 (2) | 31.0 (13) | 45.2 (19) | 19.0 (8) | 31.3 (5) | 31.3 (5) | 25.0 (4) | 12.5 (2) | 0.026 Boys |
Total Mean (SD) | Boys Mean (SD) | Girls Mean (SD) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
From parental survey (n = 66): | ||||
Attention | 1.43 (0.34) | 1.46 (0.34) | 1.34 (0.35) | 0.214 |
Attentions affecting everyday life | 1.83 (0.74) | 1.79 (0.75) | 1.94 (0.72) | 0.444 |
Hyperactivity–impulsivity | 1.24 (0.43) | 1.23 (0.45) | 1.25 (0.36) | 0. 833 |
Hyperactivity–impulsivity affecting everyday life | 1.67 (0.77) | 1.60 (0.79) | 1.83 (0.70) | 0.282 |
Hypoactivity | 0.95 (0.46) | 0.98 (0.48) | 0.88 (0.42) | 0.417 |
Hypoactivity affecting everyday life | 1.02 (0.77) | 1.02 (0.84) | 1.00 (0.59) | 0.922 |
Planning | 1.25 (0.56) | 1.32 (0.52) | 1.06 (0.62) | 0.087 |
Planning affecting everyday life | 1.47 (0.86) | 1.56 (0.84) | 1.22 (0.87) | 0.154 |
Body perception | 0.68 (0.46) | 0.70 (0.46) | 0.63 (0.47) | 0.626 |
Body perception affecting everyday life | 1.00 (0.84) | 0.96 (0.82) | 1.11 (0.90) | 0.511 |
From teacher survey (n = 60): | ||||
Reading/writing/math | 0.69 (0.57) | 0.75 (0.57) | 0.55 (0.59) | 0.226 |
Reading/writing/math affecting everyday life | 0.93 (0.92) | 0.95 (0.88) | 0.88 (1.03) | 0.773 |
General learning | 0.73 (0.40) | 0.79 (0.39) | 0.57 (0.39) | 0.061 |
General learning affecting everyday life | 0.95 (0.86) | 1.02 (0.82) | 0.75 (1.00) | 0.287 |
Coping skills in learning | 1.05 (0.50) | 1.18 (0.46) | 0.73 (0.49) | 0.002 Boys |
Coping skills in learning affecting everyday life | 1.48 (0.87) | 1.58 (0.82) | 1.24 (0.97) | 0.167 |
Total Mean (SD) | Boys Mean (SD) | Girls Mean (SD) | Difference between Boys and Girls p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Parental survey (n = 62) | ||||
Attention | 0.41 (0.64) | 0.50 (0.67) | 0.18 (0.53) | 0.082 |
Hyperactivity–impulsivity | 0.37 (0.55) | 0.40 (5.91) | 0.29 (0.47) | 0.510 |
Hypoactivity | 0.22 (0.52) | 0.19 (0.54) | 0.29 (0.47) | 0.580 |
Planning | 0.26 (0.56) | 0.30 (0.61) | 0.15 (0.38) | 0.414 |
Body perception | 0.39 (0.57) | 0.34 (0.60) | 0.50 (0.52) | 0.426 |
Teacher survey (n = 49) | ||||
Reading/writing/math | 0.29 (0.55) | 0.32 (0.58) | 0.20 (0.44) | 0.675 |
General learning | 0.30 (0.54) | 0.32 (0.57) | 0.20 (0.44) | 0.660 |
Coping skills in learning | 0.31 (0.57) | 0.29 (0.60) | 0.38 (0.52) | 0.699 |
Independent Variable | Within-Group Change, Mean (SD) | B (CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Reference category: Zero-type use of the vest (n = 27) | 0.96 (1.48) | ||
One-type use of the vest (n = 21) | 0.90 (1.26) | −0.06 (−1.39, 1.28) | 0.931 |
Two-type use of the vest (n = 13) | 2.77 (3.03) | 1.81 (0.26, 3.36) | 0.023 |
Three-type use of the vest (n = 9) | 3.44 (4.33) | 2.48 (0.71, 4.25) | 0.007 |
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Nielsen, A.N.; la Cour, K.; Brandt, Å. Teachers’ and Parents’ Assessment of Challenges in Children Exhibiting Sensory Seeking Behavior and Possible Effects of the Use of Ball Vests: A Pre–Post Study. Children 2023, 10, 1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111800
Nielsen AN, la Cour K, Brandt Å. Teachers’ and Parents’ Assessment of Challenges in Children Exhibiting Sensory Seeking Behavior and Possible Effects of the Use of Ball Vests: A Pre–Post Study. Children. 2023; 10(11):1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111800
Chicago/Turabian StyleNielsen, Ann Natasja, Karen la Cour, and Åse Brandt. 2023. "Teachers’ and Parents’ Assessment of Challenges in Children Exhibiting Sensory Seeking Behavior and Possible Effects of the Use of Ball Vests: A Pre–Post Study" Children 10, no. 11: 1800. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111800