Evaluation of Growth in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Type and Population
2.2. Evaluation
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Findings about the Disease Clinic and Location
3.2. Findings Related to Disease Activity
3.3. Laboratory Findings
3.4. Weight, Height, and BMI Values
3.5. The Change in Growth Velocity during the 1st and 2nd Years of Follow-Up
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crohn’s Disease Activity * | PCDAI at Diagnosis n (%) | 1 Year PCDAI n (%) | 2 Year PCDAI n (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Remission | - | 28 (77.8) | 32 (88.9) |
Mild | 13 (36.1) | 7 (19.4) | 3 (8.3) |
Moderate-Severe | 23 (63.9) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (2.8) |
Disease Activity of Ulcerative Colitis ** | PUCAI at diagnosis n (%) | 1 year PUCAI n (%) | 2 year PUCAI n (%) |
Remission | - | 20 (47.6) | 24 (58.5) |
Mild | 16 (38.1) | 20 (47.6) | 11 (26.8) |
Moderate | 16 (38.1) | 1 (2.4) | 5 (12.2) |
Severe | 10 (23.8) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) |
CD | At Diagnosis (Mean ± SD) | 1 Year (Mean ± SD) | 2 Year (Mean ± SD) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hematocrit (%) | 33.58 ± 4.67 | 37.07 ± 4.26 | 37.61 ± 4.05 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.19 ± 1.51 | 12.26 ± 1.62 | 12.71 ± 1.49 | <0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 73.40 ± 7.32 | 79.39 ± 7.08 | 80.99 ± 6.91 | <0.001 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 63.93 ± 67.07 | 42.16 ± 35.48 | 19.4 (11.1–40.0) * | 0.327 |
CRP (mg/L) | 25.0 (8.0–54.0) * | 6.4 (3.0–11.0) * | 3.2 (3.0–14.0) * | <0.001 |
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 321.06 ± 201.68 | 286.0 (213.0–327.0) * | 315.12 ± 119.37 | 0.732 |
Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 13.22 ± 7.34 | 21.41 ± 8.83 | 21.22 ± 10.59 | 0.029 |
Folic acid (ng/mL) | 5.52 ± 3.32 | 10.93 ± 6.16 | 6.9 (5.2–9.5) * | 0.004 |
Presence of anemia (n, %) | 26 (76.5) | 10 (30.3) | 2 (6.7) | <0.001 |
CRP positivity (>3 mg/L) (n, %) | 25 (75.7) | 8 (24.2) | 6 (18.2) | 0.056 |
ESR positivity (>20 mm/s) (n, %) | 21 (63.6) | 13 (39.2) | 5 (15.2) | 0.121 |
UC | At Diagnosis (Mean ± SD) | 1 year (Mean ± SD) | 2 year (Mean ± SD) | p value |
Hematocrit (%) | 32.90 ± 7.03 | 36.97 ± 5.23 | 37.17 ± 5.45 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.98 ± 1.95 | 12.39 ± 2.07 | 12.37 ± 1.95 | <0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 73.65 ± 7.82 | 81.62 ± 6.20 | 81.84 ± 9.87 | 0.002 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 8.9 (5.8–20.0) * | 15.0 (4.6–27.0) * | 16.0 (8.0–35.0) * | 0.066 |
CRP (mg/L) | 8.6 (3.0–17.0) * | 3.0 (3.0–5.1) * | 3.0 (3.0–3.1) * | 0.001 |
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 383.07 ± 243.01 | 378.40 ± 214.42 | 451.22 ± 221.15 | 0.717 |
Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 18.45 ± 15.60 | 21.28 ± 9.54 | 23.54 ± 14.26 | 0.053 |
Folic acid (ng/mL) | 6.4 (2.7–23.0) * | 11.24 ± 5.78 | 10.41 ± 6.14 | 0.001 |
Presence of anemia (n, %) | 23 (76.7) | 10 (33.3) | 6 (20.0) | <0.001 |
CRP positivity (>3 mg/L) (n, %) | 24 (61.5) | 8 (22.8) | 7 (20.4) | 0.059 |
ESR positivity (>20 mm/s) (n, %) | 18 (51.4) | 10 (30.3) | 4 (15.3) | 0.225 |
Crohn’s Disease | Ulcerative Colitis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st year growth velocity z-score | p value | 1st year growth velocity z-score | p value | ||
Remission at 1 year | Mean ± SD | 0.048 | Remission at 1 year | Mean ± SD | 0.268 |
Yes (n = 28) | 0.50 ± 1.07 | Yes (n = 20) | 0.15 ± 1.48 | ||
No (n = 8) | −0.43 ± 1.26 | No (n = 22) | −0.32 ± 2.16 | ||
Induction with steroids at diagnosis | Mean ± SD | p value | Induction with steroids at diagnosis | Mean ± SD | p value |
Yes (n = 25) | 0.36 ± 1.10 | 0.986 | Yes (n = 32) | −0.13 ± 1.89 | 0.790 |
No (n = 11) | 0.23 ± 1.35 | No (n = 10) | 0.00 ± 1.87 | ||
Diagnosis < 10 years of age | Mean ± SD | p value | Diagnosis < 10 years of age | Mean ± SD | p value |
Yes (n = 7) | −0.21 ± 1.17 | 0.187 | Yes (n = 15) | −0.37 ± 2.28 | 0.365 |
No (n = 29) | 0.45 ± 1.15 | No (n = 27) | 0.05 ± 1.62 | ||
2nd year growth velocity z-score | p value | 2nd year growth velocity z-score | p value | ||
Remission at 2 year | Mean ± SD | 0.597 | Remission at 2 year | Mean ± SD | 0.569 |
Yes (n = 32) | 0.50 ± 1.07 | Yes (n = 24) | 0.89 ± 1.85 | ||
No (n = 4) | −0.43 ± 1.26 | No (n = 18) | 0.33 ± 1.33 | ||
Diagnosis < 10 years of age | Mean ± SD | p value | Diagnosis < 10 years of age | Mean ± SD | p value |
Yes (n = 7) | 1.08 ± 1.11 | 0.749 | Yes (n = 15) | 0.64 ± 2.19 | 0.431 |
No (n = 29) | 1.11 ± 0.83 | No (n = 27) | 0.53 ± 1.18 |
Crohn’s Disease | Ulcerative Colitis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st year growth velocity z-score | 1st year growth velocity z-score | ||||
Values at diagnosis | r | p | Values at diagnosis | r | p |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.077 | 0.667 | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.176 | 0.373 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | −0.257 | 0.149 | Ferritin (ng/mL) | −0.011 | 0.949 |
CRP (mg/L) | 0.064 | 0.717 | CRP (mg/L) | 0.060 | 0.717 |
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 0.030 | 0.870 | Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | 0.154 | 0.378 |
Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 0.009 | 0.966 | Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 0.279 | 0.168 |
2nd year growth velocity z-score | 2nd year growth velocity z-score | ||||
Values at 1st year | r | p | Values at 1st year | r | p |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | −0.241 | 0.208 | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | −0.110 | 0.569 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 0.061 | 0.776 | Ferritin (ng/mL) | −0.180 | 0.349 |
CRP (mg/L) | −0.241 | 0.246 | CRP (mg/L) | 0.169 | 0.333 |
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | −0.096 | 0.703 | Vitamin B12 (pg/mL) | −0.098 | 0.729 |
Vitamin D (ng/mL) | −0.142 | 0.550 | Vitamin D (ng/mL) | −0.288 | 0.317 |
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Altaş, U.; Ertem, D. Evaluation of Growth in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Children 2024, 11, 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091038
Altaş U, Ertem D. Evaluation of Growth in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Children. 2024; 11(9):1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091038
Chicago/Turabian StyleAltaş, Uğur, and Deniz Ertem. 2024. "Evaluation of Growth in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease" Children 11, no. 9: 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11091038