Actual Body Weight and the Parent’s Perspective of Child’s Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Procedure
2.2. Questionnaire Data
Parental Perceptions
2.3. Classification of Overweight and Obese
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BMI | Body mass index |
OR | Odds ratio |
CI | Confidence Interval |
SD | Standard deviation |
IQR | Inter quartile range |
SE | Standard error of mean |
SRHS | Saskatchewan Rural Health Study |
References
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Variable | Statistic | |
---|---|---|
Age, in years (mean ± SD) | 9.6 ± 2.2 | |
Sex: n (%) | Male | 307 (52.6) |
Female | 277 (47.4) | |
Ethnic background: n (%) | Caucasian | 528 (90.4) |
Non-Caucasian | 46 (7.9) | |
Missing | 10 (1.7) | |
Responder: n (%) | Mother | 523 (89.6) |
Father | 48 (8.2) | |
Both (Mother & Father) | 5 (0.9) | |
Missing | 8 (1.4) | |
Responder’s highest education a: n (%) | Grades 1–8 | 26 (4.5) |
Grade 12 | 176 (30.1) | |
Technical School | 214 (36.6) | |
University Degree | 150 (25.7) | |
Missing | 18 (3.1) | |
Type of household: n (%) | Single Parent Home | 55 (9.4) |
Two Parent/Partner Home | 524 (89.7) | |
Missing | 5 (0.9) | |
Ever experience any difficulties obtaining routine or on-going health care: n (%) | Yes | 39 (6.7) |
No | 539 (92.3) | |
Missing | 6 (1.0) | |
Over the past 7 days, number of days physically active at least 60 min: | ||
mean ± SD | 5.2 ± 1.6 | |
median (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0) | |
Over a typical or usual week, number of days physically active at least 60 min: | ||
mean ± SD | 5.2 ± 1.6 | |
median (IQR) | 5.0 (2.5) | |
Parent’s perception of child weight: n (%) | Underweight | 35 (6.0) |
Just about the right weight | 503 (86.1) | |
Overweight | 46 (7.9) | |
Clinically measured BMI categories: n (%) | Underweight | 28 (4.8) |
Normal | 401 (68.7) | |
Overweight b | 155 (26.5) | |
Fast food/drinks c intake more than 1 per week: n (%) | Yes | 339 (58.0) |
No | 245 (42.0) | |
Home location: n (%) | Farm | 256 (43.8) |
Non-farm | 311 (53.3) | |
Missing | 17 (2.9) | |
Any health conditions d: n (%) | Yes | 471 (80.7) |
No | 113 (19.3) |
Child’s Actual Measured Weight Status | Total n (%) | N, Test Statistic * and p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight n (%) | Normal n (%) | Overweight c n (%) | |||
Parental Perceptions a | |||||
Underweight | 11 (39.3) | 24 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (6.0) | N = 584; |
Just about the right weight | 17 (60.7) | 376 (93.8) | 110 (71.0) | 503 (86.1) | χ2 = 189.9; |
Overweight | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 45 (29.0) | 46 (7.9) | p < 0.0001 |
Parental report of child’s weight status b | |||||
Underweight | 13 (59.1) | 33 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 46 (9.4) | N = 490; |
Normal | 7 (31.8) | 279 (83.0) | 30 (22.7) | 316 (64.5) | χ2 = 308.6; |
Overweightc | 2 (9.1) | 24 (7.1) | 102 (77.3) | 128 (26.1) | p < 0.0001 |
Variable | Weight in kg | Height in cm | Body Mass Index kg/m2 |
---|---|---|---|
Boys, mean ± SE | |||
Parent Reported | 37.69 ± 0.87 | 141.19 ± 0.99 | 18.47 ± 0.22 |
Actual Measured | 39.11 ± 0.94 ** | 142.75 ± 0.94 ** | 18.70 ± 0.23 |
Girls, mean ± SE | |||
Parent Reported | 37.94 ± 0.78 | 141.60 ± 1.08 | 18.83 ± 0.31 |
Actual Measured | 39.94 ± 0.87 * | 143.19 ± 0.93 ** | 19.16 ± 0.25 |
Variable | Misclassification | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | ||||
Child age, mean ± SD | 9.86 ± 2.17 | 9.47 ± 2.22 | 1.08(0.99, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.19) | 0.07 |
Child sex, n (%) | |||||
Male | 88 (57.9) | 219 (50.7) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.98) | 1.58 (1.06, 2.35) | 0.02 |
Female | 64 (42.1) | 213 (49.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Responder, n (%) | |||||
Mother | 135 (90.0) | 388 (91.1) | 0.23 (0.04, 1.40) | 0.19 (0.03, 1.19) | 0.08 |
Father | 12 (8.0) | 36 (8.5) | 0.22 (0.03, 1.49) | 0.17 (0.02, 1.23) | 0.08 |
Both mother & father | 3 (2.0) | 2 (0.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Respondent’s highest education, n (%) | |||||
Grades 1–8 | 6 (4.1) | 20 (4.8) | 0.68 (0.26, 1.80) | 0.60 (0.22, 1.67) | 0.33 |
Grade 12 | 38 (25.9) | 137 (32.8) | 0.63 (0.38, 1.03) | 0.65 (0.38, 1.09) | 0.10 |
Technical School | 57 (38.8) | 157 (37.6) | 0.80 (0.51, 1.27) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.45) | 0.67 |
University degree | 46 (31.3) | 104 (24.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Ethnic Background, n (%) | |||||
Non-Caucasian | 17 (11.3) | 29 (6.8) | 1.76 (0.94, 3.30) | 2.03 (1.00, 4.16) | 0.05 |
Caucasian | 133 (88.7) | 395 (93.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Type of household, n (%) | |||||
Single parent home | 17 (11.3) | 38 (8.9) | 1.32 (0.72, 2.41) | - | - |
Two parent/partner home | 134 (88.7) | 390 (91.1) | 1.00 | ||
Past 7 days, number of days physically active at least 60 min, mean ± SD | 4.99 ± 1.63 | 5.23 ± 1.61 | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.89 (0.79, 1.01) | 0.07 |
Difficulties obtaining routine or on-going health care, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 5 (3.3) | 34 (7.9) | 0.40 (0.16, 1.05) | 0.41 (0.15, 1.08) | 0.07 |
No | 145 (96.7) | 394 (92.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | - |
Fast food/drinks intake more than 1 per week, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 90 (59.2) | 249 (57.6) | 1.07 (0.73, 1.55) | - | - |
No | 62 (40.8) | 183 (42.4) | 1.00 | ||
Home Location, n (%) | |||||
Farm | 63 (42.3) | 193 (46.2) | 0.85 (0.58, 1.25) | - | - |
Non-farm | 86 (57.7) | 225 (53.8) | 1.00 | ||
Any Health Condition, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 123 (80.9) | 348 (80.6) | 0.98 (0.61, 1.56) | - | - |
No | 29 (19.1) | 84 (19.4) | 1.00 |
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Karunanayake, C.P.; Rennie, D.C.; Hildebrand, C.; Lawson, J.A.; Hagel, L.; Dosman, J.A.; Pahwa, P.; The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study Team. Actual Body Weight and the Parent’s Perspective of Child’s Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children. Children 2016, 3, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030013
Karunanayake CP, Rennie DC, Hildebrand C, Lawson JA, Hagel L, Dosman JA, Pahwa P, The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study Team. Actual Body Weight and the Parent’s Perspective of Child’s Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children. Children. 2016; 3(3):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030013
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarunanayake, Chandima P., Donna C. Rennie, Carole Hildebrand, Joshua A. Lawson, Louise Hagel, James A. Dosman, Punam Pahwa, and The Saskatchewan Rural Health Study Team. 2016. "Actual Body Weight and the Parent’s Perspective of Child’s Body Weight among Rural Canadian Children" Children 3, no. 3: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3030013