Some Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits Influencing the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Male Students in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Study Design
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | |
---|---|
Age (years) | 15.8 ± 1.7 * |
Family size | 8.2 ± 3.1 * |
Weight (kg) | 66.7 ± 20.4 * |
BMI kg/m2 | 24.5 ± 6.9 * |
Height (cm) | 164.8 ± 9.7 * |
Category | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Age category | ||
12–14 | 498 | 33.3 |
15–17 | 530 | 39.5 |
18–19 | 407 | 27.2 |
BMI | ||
Thinness | 88 | 5.9 |
Normal | 685 | 45.8 |
Overweight | 318 | 21.3 |
Obese | 404 | 27.0 |
Family Size | ||
<6 | 203 | 13.6 |
6–8 | 782 | 52.3 |
>8 | 435 | 29.1 |
Family income | ||
<5000 | 478 | 31.9 |
5001–10,000 | 414 | 27.7 |
10,000–20,000 | 187 | 12.5 |
>20,000 | 416 | 27.8 |
Education of mother | ||
illiterate | 423 | 28.3 |
can read | 278 | 18.7 |
middle school | 147 | 9.8 |
high school | 194 | 13.0 |
university | 453 | 30.3 |
Education of father | ||
illiterate | 135 | 9.0 |
can read | 313 | 20.9 |
middle school | 178 | 11.9 |
high school | 290 | 19.4 |
university | 579 | 38.7 |
Working mother | ||
Yes | 505 | 33.8 |
No | 990 | 66.2 |
Exercise pattern | ||
>3 times/week | 411 | 27.5 |
<3 times/week | 351 | 23.5 |
No exercise | 733 | 49.0 |
Watching TV | ||
<1 h/day | 212 | 14.2 |
1–2 h/day | 411 | 27.5 |
>2 h/day | 69 | 4.6 |
No TV | 803 | 53.7 |
Sleep hours | ||
<6 h/day | 293 | 19.6 |
6–9 h/day | 854 | 57.1 |
>9 h/day | 348 | 23.3 |
BMI Status | Socioeconomic Category | β-Coefficient | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family Size | |||||
Thinness | 5 or less | −0.86 | 0.42 | 0.12–1.44 | 0.17 |
>8 | 0.27 | 1.32 | 0.72–2.38 | 0.36 | |
6–8 | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | 5 or less | −0.004 | 0.99 | 0.59–1.68 | 0.99 |
>8 | −0.02 | 0.98 | 0.67–1.43 | 0.92 | |
6–8 | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | 5 or less | 0.05 | 1.01 | 0.66–1.67 | 0.84 |
>8 | −0.39 | 0.68 | 0.48–0.92 | 0.05 | |
6–8 | 0 | 1 | |||
Family income | |||||
Thinness | <5000 RS | 0.28 | 1.23 | 0.56–2.80 | 0.58 |
5001–10,000 RS | −0.75 | 0.47 | 0.18–1.23 | 0.13 | |
10,0001–20,000 RS | −0.71 | 0.49 | 0.19–1.31 | 0.15 | |
>20,000 RS | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | <5000 RS | −0.36 | 0.70 | 0.40–1.23 | 0.22 |
5001–10,000 RS | 0.27 | 1.31 | 0.76–2.26 | 0.33 | |
10,0001–20,000 RS | 0.21 | 1.23 | 0.70–2.14 | 0.47 | |
>20,000 RS | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | <5000 RS | −0.53 | 0.59 | 0.36–0.97 | 0.03 |
5001–10,000 RS | 0.32 | 0.73 | 0.45–1.18 | 0.20 | |
10,0001–20,000 RS | 0 | 1.00 | 0.62–1.63 | 0.99 | |
>20,000 RS | 0 | 1 | |||
Working mother | |||||
Thinness | Yes | −0.76 | 0.47 | 0.23–0.96 | 0.04 |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | Yes | 0.05 | 1.05 | 0.74–1.52 | 0.77 |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | Yes | 0.36 | 1.43 | 1.03–1.99 | 0.03 |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Mother’s education | |||||
Thinness | Can read and write | 0.36 | 1.43 | 0.67–3.05 | 0.36 |
Middle school | −1.02 | 0.36 | 0.08–1.62 | 0.18 | |
Secondary school | 0.20 | 1.22 | 0.53–2.81 | 0.64 | |
Postsecondary school | −0.55 | 0.58 | 0.26–1.31 | 0.19 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | Can read and write | 0.66 | 1.93 | 1.13–3.30 | 0.02 |
Middle school | 0.83 | 2.30 | 1.25–4.25 | 0.01 | |
Secondary school | 0.36 | 1.39 | 0.76–2.53 | 0.29 | |
Postsecondary school | 0.61 | 1.78 | 1.11–2.86 | 0.02 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | Can read and write | 0.79 | 2.20 | 1.34–3.60 | <0.01 |
Middle school | 0.78 | 2.18 | 1.22–3.90 | 0.01 | |
Secondary school | 0.36 | 1.43 | 0.82–2.50 | 0.21 | |
Postsecondary school | 0.61 | 1.84 | 1.18–2.85 | <0.01 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 | |||
Father’s education | |||||
Thinness | Can read and write | 0.26 | 1.30 | 0.52–3.24 | 0.57 |
Middle school | −0.58 | 0.56 | 0.21–1.45 | 0.23 | |
Secondary school | 0.48 | 1.62 | 0.69–3.79 | 0.27 | |
Postsecondary school | −0.77 | 0.46 | 0.21–1.05 | 0.46 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | Can read and write | −0.08 | 0.93 | 0.46–1.85 | 0.82 |
Middle school | 0.29 | 1.34 | 0.78–2.30 | 0.29 | |
Secondary school | 0.03 | 1.03 | 0.53–1.99 | 0.94 | |
Postsecondary school | 0.21 | 1.24 | 0.77–1.99 | 0.38 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | Can read and write | −0.56 | 0.57 | 0.29–1.13 | 0.11 |
Middle school | 0.07 | 1.07 | 0.66–1.75 | 0.78 | |
Secondary school | 0.1 | 1.11 | 0.63–1.96 | 0.73 | |
Postsecondary school | −0.05 | 0.95 | 0.62–1.45 | 0.81 | |
Illiterate | 0 | 1 |
BMI Status | Lifestyle Habit | β-Coefficient | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise | |||||
Thinness | >3 times/week | −0.71 | 0.49 | 0.24–1.01 | 0.06 |
<3 times/week | −0.64 | 0.53 | 0.27–1.04 | 0.06 | |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | >3 times/week | −0.41 | 0.67 | 0.46–0.96 | 0.03 |
<3 times/week | −0.83 | 0.44 | 0.30–0.63 | <0.001 | |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | >3 times/week | −1.54 | 0.21 | 0.12–0.53 | <0.001 |
<3 times/week | −0.86 | 0.42 | 0.27–0.66 | <0.001 | |
No | 0 | 1 | |||
Watching TV | |||||
Thinness | <1 h/day | −0.25 | 0.78 | 0.34–1.75 | 0.55 |
1–2 h/day | −0.38 | 0.69 | 0.35–1.36 | 0.38 | |
>2 h/day | −1.38 | 0.25 | 0.03–1.90 | 0.18 | |
No TV | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | <1 h/day | −0.11 | 0.89 | 0.55–1.46 | 0.65 |
1–2 h/day | 0.21 | 1.24 | 0.85–1.80 | 0.27 | |
>2 h/day | −0.1 | 0.91 | 0.43–1.89 | 0.79 | |
No TV | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | <1 h/day | 0.09 | 1.09 | 0.70–1.70 | 0.70 |
1–2 h/day | 0.24 | 1.27 | 0.89–1.80 | 0.19 | |
>2 h/day | 0.32 | 1.37 | 0.74–2.55 | 0.32 | |
No TV | 0 | 1 | |||
Sleep Hours | |||||
Thinness | <6 h/day | −0.34 | 0.71 | 0.26–1.94 | 0.51 |
>9 h/day | −0.06 | 0.95 | 0.66–1.37 | 1.08 | |
6–9 h/day | 0 | 1 | |||
Overweight | <6 h/day | −0.39 | 0.68 | 0.45–1.02 | 0.60 |
>9 h/day | 0.08 | 1.08 | 0.72–1.61 | 0.70 | |
6–9 h/day | 0 | 1 | |||
Obese | <6 h/day | 1.20 | 3.32 | 1.85–5.95 | <0.01 |
>9 h/day | −0.24 | 0.79 | 0.51–1.23 | 0.29 | |
6–9 h/day | 0 | 1 |
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Alazzeh, A.Y.; AlShammari, E.M.; Smadi, M.M.; Azzeh, F.S.; AlShammari, B.T.; Epuru, S.; Banu, S.; Bano, R.; Sulaiman, S.; Alcantara, J.C.; et al. Some Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits Influencing the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Male Students in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Children 2018, 5, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5030039
Alazzeh AY, AlShammari EM, Smadi MM, Azzeh FS, AlShammari BT, Epuru S, Banu S, Bano R, Sulaiman S, Alcantara JC, et al. Some Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits Influencing the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Male Students in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Children. 2018; 5(3):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5030039
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlazzeh, Awfa Y., Eyad M. AlShammari, Majdi M. Smadi, Firas S. Azzeh, Bandar T. AlShammari, Suneetha Epuru, Shahidah Banu, Rafia Bano, Shadi Sulaiman, Jerold C. Alcantara, and et al. 2018. "Some Socioeconomic Factors and Lifestyle Habits Influencing the Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescent Male Students in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia" Children 5, no. 3: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/children5030039