Links between Daytime Napping, Night-Time Sleep Quality and Infant Attention: An Eye-Tracking, Actigraphy and Parent-Report Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Sleep and Attention
1.2. Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Sleep Assessment
Sleep Diary
Actigraphy
2.3.2. Visual Attention
Gap-Overlap
Data Processing of Eye-Tracking Task
2.3.3. Family Functioning
2.3.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Visual Attention
3.2. Sleep Assessment
3.3. Links between Sleep, Family Functioning and Visual Attention
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measure | Final Number Included |
---|---|
Actigraphy | 28 |
Sleep Diary | 23 |
Gap-Overlap | 40 |
Score-28 (Family functioning) | 42 |
Gap (ms) | Baseline (ms) | Overlap (ms) | Facilitation (ms) | Disengagement (ms) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
M | 234 | 293 | 353 | 58 | 61 |
SD | 67 | 63 | 77 | 70 | 97 |
Minimum | 165 | 216 | 199 | −141 | −214 |
Maximum | 509 | 535 | 498 | 280 | 258 |
Sleep Measures | M (SD) [min–max] |
---|---|
Duration (Minutes) | 635.37 (72.96) [456.80–740.80] |
Sleep (Minutes) | 336.79 (87.40) [164.0–461.83] |
Total Wake (Minutes) | 29.01 (24.51) [1.25–101.0] |
Light Sleep (%) | 41.49 (11.92) [17.91–64.96] |
WASO (Minutes) | 29.27 (25.31) [1.25–105.40] |
Sleep Efficiency (%) | 95.27 (4.74) [77.87–99.82] |
Wake Events (Count) | 4.64 (2.56) [1–11] |
Day Sleep Time (Minutes) | 94.32 (37.39) [24.00–211.00] |
Pearson’s r (p-Value) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration | Sleep Minutes | Total Wake | Light Sleep % | WASO | Sleep Efficiency | Wake Events | DST | |
Sleep Measures | ||||||||
Duration | — | |||||||
Sleep Minutes | 0.443 * | — | ||||||
(0.018) | ||||||||
Total Wake | −0.251 | −0.563 ** | — | |||||
(0.198) | (0.002) | |||||||
Light Sleep % | 0.233 | −0.707 *** | 0.174 | — | ||||
(0.232) | (<0.001) | (0.376) | ||||||
WASO | −0.260 | −0.564 ** | 0.997 *** | 0.165 | — | |||
(0.182) | (0.002) | (<0.001) | (0.402) | |||||
Sleep Efficiency | 0.384 * | 0.578 ** | −0.976 *** | −0.124 | −0.971 *** | — | ||
(0.043) | (0.001) | (<0.001) | (0.531) | (<0.001) | ||||
Wake Events | −0.234 | −0.425 * | 0.738 *** | 0.093 | 0.738 *** | −0.664 *** | — | |
(0.231) | (0.024) | (<0.001) | (0.636) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | |||
Day Sleep Time | −0.176 | −0.112 | 0 | 0.023 | 0.006 | −0.02 | −0.008 | — |
(0.445) | (0.630) | (0.998) | (0.923) | (0.098) | (0.930) | (0.974) | ||
Family Functioning | 0.035 | 0.124 | −0.39 | −0.043 | −0.399 | 0.389 | −0.35 | −0.023 |
(0.870) | (0.563) | (0.060) | (0.843) | (0.053) | (0.060) | (0.094) | (0.923) | |
Visual Attention | ||||||||
Facilitation | −0.279 | 0.013 | 0.284 | −0.356 | 0.303 | −0.271 | 0.287 | 0.493 * |
(0.178) | (0.950) | (0.169) | (0.080) | (0.141) | (0.190) | (0.163) | (0.023) | |
Disengagement | 0.248 | −0.147 | −0.202 | 0.420 * | −0.226 | 0.178 | −0.299 | −0.491 * |
(0.232) | (0.484) | (0.334) | (0.037) | (0.277) | (0.394) | (0.146) | (0.024) |
Disengagement | Facilitation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input Variables | β | t | p | β | t | p | |
Step 1 | Age | 0.144 | 0.60 | 0.557 | −0.214 | −0.91 | 0.375 |
Cognition | 0.035 | 0.15 | 0.885 | 0.165 | 0.70 | 0.492 | |
Step 2 | Age | 0.181 | 0.88 | 0.394 | −0.240 | −1.25 | 0.229 |
Cognition | 0.083 | 0.39 | 0.702 | 0.139 | 0.70 | 0.493 | |
Light Sleep % | 0.303 | 1.45 | 0.167 | −0.391 | −2.02 | 0.062 | |
DST | −0.517 * | −2.46 | 0.026 | 0.495 * | 2.54 | 0.023 | |
Step 3 | Age | 0.235 | 0.999 | 0.338 | −0.228 | −1.075 | 0.304 |
Cognition | 0.054 | 0.230 | 0.822 | 0.092 | 0.436 | 0.670 | |
Light Sleep % | 0.264 | 1.143 | 0.275 | −0.427 | −2.047 | 0.063 | |
DST | −0.607 * | −2.423 | 0.032 | 0.456 | 2.018 | 0.066 | |
Family Functioning | −0.227 | −0.893 | 0.389 | −0.177 | −0.771 | 0.455 |
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Hasshim, N.; Bramham, J.; Keating, J.; Gaffney, R.A.; Keenan, L.; Conroy, S.; McNicholas, F.; Carr, A.; Downes, M. Links between Daytime Napping, Night-Time Sleep Quality and Infant Attention: An Eye-Tracking, Actigraphy and Parent-Report Study. Children 2022, 9, 1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111613
Hasshim N, Bramham J, Keating J, Gaffney RA, Keenan L, Conroy S, McNicholas F, Carr A, Downes M. Links between Daytime Napping, Night-Time Sleep Quality and Infant Attention: An Eye-Tracking, Actigraphy and Parent-Report Study. Children. 2022; 9(11):1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111613
Chicago/Turabian StyleHasshim, Nabil, Jessica Bramham, Jennifer Keating, Rebecca A. Gaffney, Lisa Keenan, Sarah Conroy, Fiona McNicholas, Alan Carr, and Michelle Downes. 2022. "Links between Daytime Napping, Night-Time Sleep Quality and Infant Attention: An Eye-Tracking, Actigraphy and Parent-Report Study" Children 9, no. 11: 1613. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111613