Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Clinical Examination
2.2. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire
2.3. Cardiorespiratory Polygraphy
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questions |
---|
Does he/she snore more than half the night? |
Does he/she often snore? |
Does he/she snore noisily? |
Does he/she breathe loudly or heavily? |
Does he/she have trouble breathing, or effort to breathe? |
Have you ever seen your child stop breathing? |
Does he/she breathe out of his/her mouth during the day? |
Does he/she have a dry mouth when awake in the morning? |
Does he/she wet the bed? |
Does he/she awake in the morning without being refreshed? |
Does he/she have trouble with sleepiness in the daytime? |
Have a teacher or another supervisor noticed that he/she seems to be asleep during the daytime? |
Is he/she difficult to awaken in the morning? |
Does he/she awake in the morning with headaches? |
Has he/she ceased growing normally since birth? |
Is he/she overweight? |
He/she doesn’t appear to listen when you talk to him/her directly |
He/she has trouble organizing duties and activities |
He/she is easily distracted by foreign stimulation |
He/she violins with hands or feet, or twitching in seating |
He/she is “on the move” or often acts like he/she is “powered by an engine” |
He/she interrupts/disturbs others (i.e., interferes with conversations/games) |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Sex (M, %) | 54.1 |
Age | 11 (9.2–14) |
Weight | 79.8 (60.9–103) |
Height | 1.5 (1.4–1.6) |
BMI | 32.6 (25.5–37.1) |
BMI z-score | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) |
Waist-to-Height ratio | 0.65 (0.59–0.7) |
OSA (PS/mild/moderate/severe, %) | 8.2/41.1/27.9/22.8 |
PSQ | 0.52 (0.45–0.77) |
AHI | 5.0 (2.9–8.5) |
Primary Snoring (n = 5) | Mild (n = 26) | Moderate (n = 18) | Severe (n = 12) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 13.9 (13.6–14.7) | 11 (9.2–14.2) | 12.1 (9.8–13.6) | 9.9 (8.4–11.9) | 0.16 |
ZS-BMI | 2.99 (2.5–3.2) | 3.1 (2.4–14.1) | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) | 2.9 (2.6–3.7) | 0.57 |
Sex (M, %) | 40.0 | 46.1 | 50.0 | 66.6 | 0.11 |
PSQ | 0.45 (0.36–0.46) | 0.50 (0.45–0.51) | 0.68 (0.47–0.77) | 0.82 (0.82–0.86) | <0.0001 |
AHI | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 3.2 (2.5–3.9) | 6.7 (5.8–7.5) | 24.1 (20.3–39.7) | <0.0001 |
ODI | 0.4 (0.4–0.4) | 2.1 (1.4–3.4) | 5.2 (3.3–6.8) | 26 (18.7–37) | <0.0001 |
NADIR | 93 (93–94) | 92 (89–92) | 90 (89–92) | 78 (67–84) | <0.0001 |
Mean SpO2 | 97.6 (96.9–97.7) | 96.7(96.1–97.6) | 97 (96.2–97.4) | 95 (91.3–95.8) | 0.002 |
Mean desaturation | 3.8 (3.1–3.8) | 3.7 (3.5–4.1) | 3.9 (3.6–4.1) | 5.3 (4.6–7.4) | 0.001 |
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Umano, G.R.; Rondinelli, G.; Luciano, M.; Pennarella, A.; Aiello, F.; Mangoni di Santo Stefano, G.S.R.C.; Di Sessa, A.; Marzuillo, P.; Papparella, A.; Miraglia del Giudice, E. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Children 2022, 9, 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091303
Umano GR, Rondinelli G, Luciano M, Pennarella A, Aiello F, Mangoni di Santo Stefano GSRC, Di Sessa A, Marzuillo P, Papparella A, Miraglia del Giudice E. Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Children. 2022; 9(9):1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091303
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmano, Giuseppina Rosaria, Giulia Rondinelli, Margherita Luciano, Alessandro Pennarella, Francesca Aiello, Giuseppe Salvatore R. C. Mangoni di Santo Stefano, Anna Di Sessa, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Alfonso Papparella, and Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice. 2022. "Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire Predicts Moderate-to-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents with Obesity" Children 9, no. 9: 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091303