The Effect of Obesity on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in School-Aged Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Research Tools
2.3. Definitions
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
FeNO Levels
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All Children n = 447 | Normal Weight n = 331 | Overweight and Obese n = 116 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7.4 ± 0.8 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 0.1 | ||
Sex | Boys Girls | 223; 49.9% 224; 50.1% | 159; 48.0% 172; 52.0% | 64; 55.2% 52; 44.8% | 0.1 |
Body mass (kg) | 27.7 ± 6.4 | 24.9 ± 3.8 | 35.7 ± 5.7 | 0.0001 | |
Height (cm) | 128.3 ± 7.2 | 127.1 ± 7.0 | 131.9 ± 6.5 | 0.0001 |
Variable | All Children n = 447 | Normal Weight n = 332 | Overweight and Obese n = 115 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis of: (ever) | Pneumonia | 77; 17.2% | 57; 17.1% | 20; 17.3% | 0.7 |
Atopic Rhinitis | 106; 23.7% | 79; 23.7% | 27; 23.4% | 0.9 | |
Atopic dermatitis | 86; 20.1% | 62; 18.6% | 24; 20.8% | 0.6 | |
Allergy | 127; 28.4% | 88; 26.5% | 39; 33.9% | 0.1 | |
Respiratory system status | No symptoms | 349; 78.1% | 265; 79.8% | 84; 73% | 0.01 |
Asthmatic tendency | 61; 13.6% | 36; 10.9% | 25; 21.7% | ||
Asthma | 37; 8.3% | 30; 9.0% | 7; 6.0% | ||
Current symptoms (or past 6 months) | Wheeze | 74; 16.5% | 48; 14.4% | 27; 23.4% | 0.02 |
Dyspnea day | 13; 2.9% | 10; 3.0% | 3; 2.6% | 0.5 | |
Dyspnea night | 17; 3.8% | 12; 3.6% | 5; 4.3% | 0.7 | |
Exercise-induced dyspnea | 32; 7.1% | 17; 5.1% | 15; 13.0% | 0.005 | |
Rhinitis | 111; 24.8% | 76; 22.8% | 35; 30.4% | 0.06 | |
Atopic dermatitis | 69; 15.4% | 49; 14.7% | 22; 19.1% | 0.2 |
Variable | Normal Weight | Overweight and Obese | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis of: (ever) | Pneumonia | 18.3 ± 3 | 19.5 ± 21.9 | 0.8 |
N | 57 | 20 | ||
Rhinitis | 20.0 ± 23.2 | 19.3 ± 17.2 | 0.4 | |
N | 79 | 27 | ||
Atopic dermatitis | 21.4 ± 26.3 | 16.2 ± 10.6 | 0.9 | |
N | 62 | 24 | ||
Allergy | 18.1 ± 22.5 | 18.9 ± 15.5 | 0.1 | |
N | 88 | 39 | ||
Respiratory system status | No symptoms | 13.8 ± 9.0 | 15.0 ± 11.9 | 0.7 |
N | 265 | 84 | ||
Asthmatic tendency | 22.1 ± 20.9 | 15.0 ± 10.5 | 0.2 | |
N | 36 | 25 | ||
Asthma | 26.5 ± 35.2 | 27.4 ± 22.5 | 0.3 | |
N | 30 | 7 | ||
Current symptoms (or past 6 months) | Wheeze in the chest | 26.6 ± 32.0 | 18.3 ± 15.1 | 0.4 |
N | 47 | 27 | ||
Dyspnea during the day | 16.9 ± 14.7 | 10.0 ± 2.0 | 0.3 | |
N | 10 | 3 | ||
Dyspnea during the night | 19.2 ± 15.5 | 19.4 ± 16.1 | 0.9 | |
N | 12 | 5 | ||
Exercise-induced dyspnea | 20.0 ± 15.7 | 16.8 ± 12.1 | 0.5 | |
N | 17 | 15 | ||
Rhinitis | 23.6 ± 29.4 | 15.0 ± 8.3 | 0.4 | |
N | 47 | 22 | ||
Atopic dermatitis | 19.2 ± 23.1 | 16.0 ± 12.0 | 0.4 | |
N | 76 | 35 |
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Barański, K.; Kocot, K. The Effect of Obesity on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in School-Aged Children. Children 2022, 9, 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091406
Barański K, Kocot K. The Effect of Obesity on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in School-Aged Children. Children. 2022; 9(9):1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091406
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarański, Kamil, and Krzysztof Kocot. 2022. "The Effect of Obesity on Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in School-Aged Children" Children 9, no. 9: 1406. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091406