Reaction Monitoring by Ultrasounds in a Pseudohomogeneous Medium: Triglyceride Ethanolysis for Biodiesel Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Experimental System Behavior
3.2. Conversion Estimation from us
3.2.1. Conversion Estimation through an Algebraic Correlation
3.2.2. Conversion Estimation through the Contribution of Components in the Mixture to us
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
u0,Tref (m/s) | 1452.7 |
aT (m/s/°C) | −3.5 |
aw (m/s) | −373.8 |
aX (m/s) | 6.36 |
aTw (m/s) | −0.029 |
aXw (m/s) | 43.7 |
aXT (m/s) | −0.032 |
Si | si,0 | si,1 | si,2 | si,3 | si,4 | si,5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DG; 6:1 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | −0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
DG; 12:1 | −1.4984 | −2.1438 | −2.31120 | 0.5376 | 1.6094 | 1.7145 |
DG; 24:1 | 1.4828 | 3.4650 | 3.23220 | −3.9000 | −8.8995 | −8.2972 |
GL; 6:1 | −1.0327 | −3.7899 | −1.87140 | 14.600 | 24.861 | 22.322 |
GL; 12:1 | 1.0900 | 2.8252 | −0.01086 | −22.700 | −31.158 | −27.827 |
GL; 24:1 | −1.0421 | −1.3587 | −0.03736 | 12.500 | 14.569 | 13.0670 |
ui,T = a − b(T-20) | a (m/s) | b (m/s/°C) |
---|---|---|
Oil | 1430 ± 3 | 3.5 ± 0.1 |
Diglycerides, monoglycerides | 1490 ± 10 | |
Ethyl esters | 1396 ± 4 | |
Ethanol | 1144 ± 2 | |
Glycerol | 1921.3 * |
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Reyero, I.; Gandía, L.M.; Arzamendi, G. Reaction Monitoring by Ultrasounds in a Pseudohomogeneous Medium: Triglyceride Ethanolysis for Biodiesel Production. Processes 2022, 10, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010012
Reyero I, Gandía LM, Arzamendi G. Reaction Monitoring by Ultrasounds in a Pseudohomogeneous Medium: Triglyceride Ethanolysis for Biodiesel Production. Processes. 2022; 10(1):12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleReyero, Inés, Luis M. Gandía, and Gurutze Arzamendi. 2022. "Reaction Monitoring by Ultrasounds in a Pseudohomogeneous Medium: Triglyceride Ethanolysis for Biodiesel Production" Processes 10, no. 1: 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10010012