Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Lignin Resources
1.2. Structure of Lignin
2. Current Lignin Valorization by Microbes
3. The Use of Yeasts
3.1. Lipids
3.2. Enzyme for Lignin Degradation
3.2.1. Laccase Producing Yeasts
3.2.2. Peroxidases Producing Yeast
4. Other Biochemicals Produced by Yeasts
5. Future Perspectives and Feasibility of the Use of Yeasts for Lignin Valorization
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lignocellulosic Biomass | Lignin | Hemicellulose | Cellulose | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | ||
Hardwood | ||||
Aspen | 19.5 | 21.7 | 52.7 | [19] |
Beech | 20 | 33 | 45 | [20] |
Cherry wood | 18 | 29 | 46 | [20] |
Poplar | 20 | 24 | 49 | [20] |
Willow | 29.3 | 16.7 | 41.7 | [19] |
Softwood | ||||
Fir | 30 | 22 | 45 | [20] |
Pine armandii | 24.1 | 17.8 | 48.4 | [21] |
Japanese cedar | 33.8 | 23.1 | 38.6 | [22] |
Spruce | 27.6 | 29.4 | 43 | [23] |
Others | ||||
Barley straw | 14–19 | 27–38 | 31–45 | [24] |
Bamboo | 20.81 | 19.49 | 39.8 | [22] |
Corn cobs | 18.2 | 33.1 | 34.6 | [22] |
Corn strover | 7–21 | 28 | 38–40 | [24] |
Rice straw | 12–14 | 23–28 | 28–36 | [24] |
Wheat straw | 20.2 | 34.4 | 37.5 | [22] |
Banana waste | 14 | 14.8 | 13.2 | [25] |
Nut shells | 30–40 | 25–30 | 25–30 | [25] |
Coffee grounds | 19.8–26.5 | 5–10 | 59.2–62.9 | [26] |
Newspaper | 18–30 | 25–40 | 40–55 | [25] |
Enzymes | Native | Gene | Yeast | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Laccase | Pleurotus ostreatus | POXA1b | Kluyveromyces lactis | [75] |
POXC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | |||
Coriolopsis gallic | LCC1 | Kluyveromyces lactis | [77] | |
Pycnoporus sanguineus H275 | LCC1 | Pichia pastoris | [78] | |
Trametes trogii | LCC1 | Pichia pastoris | [105] | |
Trametes trogii | LCC1 | Kluyveromyces lactis | [106] | |
Trametes versicolor | LCC1 | Pichia methalonica | [107] | |
Monilinia fructigena | LCC2 | Pichia pastoris | [79] | |
Trametes versicolor | LCC2 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [83] | |
Lenzites gibbosa | LAC | Pichia pastoris | [108] | |
Pleurotus sanguineus | LAC | Pichia pastoris | [109] | |
Streptomyces cyaneus | LAC | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [81] | |
Gaeumannomyces graminis | LAC2 | Cryptococcus sp. S-2 | [84] | |
Coprinus comatus | LAC3 | Pichia pastoris | [110] | |
Thermus thermophillus | LACTt | Pichia pastoris | [80] | |
Coprinus cinereus | LCC5I | Pichia pastoris | [111] | |
Trametes sp. AH28-2 | LACA | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [82] | |
Trametes sp. AH28-2 | LACB | Pichia pastoris | [112] | |
Trametes sp. 420 | LACC | Pichia pastoris | [113] | |
Trametes sp. 420 | LACD | Pichia pastoris | [114] | |
Trametes versicolor | LCCA | Pichia pastoris | [115] | |
Trametes versicolor | LCCB | Pichia pastoris | [116] | |
Yarrowia lipolytica | YILAC | Pichia pastoris | [72] | |
Lignin peroxidase | Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 | LiPH2 | Pichia pastoris | [92] |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium | LiPH2 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [95] | |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium | LiPH8 | Pichia methalonica | [94] | |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium | LiPH8 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [117] | |
Manganese-dependent peroxidase | Phanerochaete chrysosporium | MnP1 | Pichia pastoris | [97] |
Ganoderma lucidum | MnP1 | Pichia pastoris | [101] | |
Phanerochaete chrysosporium | MnP1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [102] | |
Cerrena unicolor BB6P | MnP3 | Pichia pastoris | [103] | |
Versatile peroxidase | Pleurotus eryngii | VPL2 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [104] |
Pleurotus eryngii | wtVP | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | [118] |
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Putra, F.J.N.; Kahar, P.; Kondo, A.; Ogino, C. Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes 2022, 10, 2004. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102004
Putra FJN, Kahar P, Kondo A, Ogino C. Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes. 2022; 10(10):2004. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102004
Chicago/Turabian StylePutra, Filemon Jalu Nusantara, Prihardi Kahar, Akihiko Kondo, and Chiaki Ogino. 2022. "Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast" Processes 10, no. 10: 2004. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10102004