An Optimization of a Turbocharger Blade Based on Fluid–Structure Interaction

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

This reviewer could not find any "response file" prepared by the authors. Therefore, it is not clear which revisions are done to respond to what comments. However, it is clear that not much revision is done in the paper apart from 1 sentence added to abstract and conclusions to add some quantitative aspect of the research.

Still, the biggest shortcoming of this work is its contribution or novelty. It is a repetition of earlier works and what is"newly found" is not clear.

Also, the references are not fixed. For instance ref [16] cannot be found.

Reference [11] is not fixed although it is completely misplaced and does not provide any information about the place it is cited in.

All in all, the revisions are not satisfactory and the comments are not addressed.

Below is the 1st round of comments for reference

References do not seem to contain the information they are cited to back up.

[14] Fu, X.; Ma, C.; Lin, J.; Zhang, J. Numerical Study on Vibration Response and Fatigue Damage of Axial Compressor Blade Considering Aerodynamic Excitation. Metals 2021, 11, 1835.

For instance, [14] is cited to talk about sweep angles of swept blades and their range being from 20 to 50. However, reference [14] does not contain terms sweep angle, swept blade or their range. Lines 51-54

" After the 21st century, due to the further improvement of supercharging degree and the need for a wide and efficient flow range, people have adopted a large number of swept blades with sweep Angle of 20-50°, which greatly improves the performance of compressor impeller and stage of turbo-charging [14]"

[16] Li, Z.; Lu, X.; Han, G.; Huang, E.; Yang, C.; Zhu, J. Numerical and experimental investigation of flow mechanism and application of tandem-impeller for centrifugal compressor. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020, 100, 105819.

Reference [16] is cited to mention that turbomachinery may experience different faults that may result in serious accidents which may even lead to destruction and death. However, reference [16] does not include terms accident, destruction or death. Nor does it talk about economic loss. Lines 58-61

"However, turbomachinery often appears various kinds of faults that affect its normal operation, and sometimes even serious accidents of machine destruction and death occur, resulting in great economic losses [16]."

[11] Li, J.; Liu, Y.; Du, J.; Zhang, H. Automatic stability control using tip air injection in a multi-stage axial flow compressor. Aerospace Science and Technology 2020, 98, 105707

Reference [11] is cited to establish the fact that some developed countries started using computers to analyze aerodynamics and 3 dimensional flow field of runoff turbines starting from mid 1960s. Again, the cited paper does not talk about computer analysis, developed countries or 1960s. Lines 64-66

" Some developed countries began to use computers to analyze the aero-
dynamics and three-dimensional flow field of runoff turbines in the middle and late 1960s [11]."

[18] Chiron, L.; De Leffe, M.; Oger, G.; Le Touzé, D. Fast and accurate SPH modelling of 3D complex wall boundaries in viscous and non-viscous flows. Computer Physics Communications 2019, 234, 93-111. 

Reference [18] is cited to mention how CAD/CAM are being used for flow modeling and analysis. It is true that this paper presents such a model but it does not include and advanced laser testing technology as claimed where it is cited. Lines 68-70

" At present, major turbocharger manufacturers have advanced CAD/CAM 
and CAT systems, and use FEM and advanced laser testing technology to conduct 3D viscous flow modeling and verification analysis [18]. "

[20] Lu, Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, W; Zhu, K.; Liu, Z. Optimization of blade structure parameters of axial flow turbocharger. Science & Technology Vision 2019, 6, 97-100.

While reference [20] seems to be well-placed for the cited place, this reviewer was unable to find the paper or the journal.

It is fair to say that some references are well-placed. Such as reference [21] does really discuss effect of turbine geometry (and hence, thickness) on vibratory blade stress)

[21] Naik, P.; Lehmayr, B.; Homeier, S.; Klaus, M.; Vogt, D. Influence of Turbocharger Turbine Blade Geometry on Vibratory Blade 570 Stresses. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2019, 141, 021015.

Lines 76-77

"Naik et al. [21] analyzed the vibration stress of different blade shapes and deduced the relationship between the total stress and the thickness of the blade. "

reference [22] cannot be found online. It may be a publication available only in Chinese, in which case authors should give the full title in Chinese, then English translation, and mention that this publication is only available in Chinese.

 

While talking about results, Figure 8 is not cited as Type A is introduced. Figure 8 is cited while talking about Type B which is a mistake. Type A is shown in Figure 8 while Figure 9 shows Type B. Discussions and text should be corrected/updated. Lines 383 to 395, Specifically 392 to 395

"In the type A model, the pressure distribution is the same as that of type O. The leading edge of the improved curved windward edge is subjected to large gas pressure, with a maximum value of 11652.50Pa which is reduced relative to type O. When the α in the blade parameter is changed to 2mm, that is, the type B model, as shown in Figure 8. "

The citation is wrong in line 483, it needs to be [53]

"This is roughly the same as the experimental results of Saravanan et al. [56]"

Reference [53] Saravanan, M. Examination of Structural and Dynamic Properties for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Made of Stainless Steel using Ansys. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2020, 9, 1072-1077

Reference [56] Omosanya, A. J.; Akinlabi, E. T.; Okeniyi, J. O., Static Analysis of the Last Stage Low Pressure Steam Turbine Blade to Improve Blade twist Angle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1107, 012056.

 

First sentence of conclusions does not have a meaning. Also, it is unorthodox to cite papers in conclusions. That needs to be done before.

" With the development of industry [54] and the progress of science and technology [55], it is inseparable from the use of turbocharger.  "

Why main conclusions of the paper has a citation as [56]? Does that mean the conclusions are identical? In that case, what is the novelty of this paper?

Line 494:

" The main conclusions are as follows [56]. "

Also, considering that all the simulation results were in line with earlier works such as [51] [52] and [53] (which is cited as [56] in the paper]) what is the novelty of this work? It looks like repetition and reaffirmation of previous work.

If there is a novelty, that needs to be clearly written at the end of abstract, introduction and conclusions in 3 places.

Author Response

Thank you very much for your advice, which plays a very important role in our team's research. The specific reply details will be reflected in the word document.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The authors presented the possibility of improving the durability of the turbocharger by using swept-back blades with a curved leading edge. They then simulated the pressure, stress and deformation distribution of three models of blades’ configuration. They compared the behaviour of individual models using the methods of multivariate analysis allowing them to assess the impact of these factors on the outflow.

The narrative proposed by the authors seems logical. The theoretical part seems too extensive to me. However, I would enlarge the part about what the authors have done themselves, in particular regarding multivariate analysis, as I think this is a new and interesting approach. There are not enough details to allow another person to repeat the research of the authors. Could the authors complete this?

There are many editorial errors in the text (e.g. no punctuation marks, lowercase letters instead of uppercase letters, etc.). This needs to be corrected.

The whole article also requires some stylistic and language refinement.

Author Response

Thank you very much for your advice, which plays a very important role in our team's research. The specific reply details will be reflected in the word document.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

The article "Sweep-back Optimization of Turbocharger Blade Based on Fluid-structure Interaction Method" is too complicated. The authors are advised to rewrite it in a simple way so that readers do not lose interest. 

Author Response

Thank you very much for your advice, which plays a very important role in our team's research. The specific reply details will be reflected in the word document.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 4 Report

*Add ANSYS in the keywords section

*the aim of the paper must be clearly presented at the end of introduction section.

*Section 2.1, after [28], it is the mark or the comma? I think that it is the comma, correct it.

*Why authors not explain clearly the negative values obtained in Figures 7, 8 and 9? Give the scientifical explainations and the role of these negative values on the process.

Author Response

Thank you very much for your advice, which plays a very important role in our team's research. The specific reply details will be reflected in the word document.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Authors are commended for their thorough revision. They certainly made up for the review round where there was no response file submitted.

The novelty of this paper is now clear. However, results do not really show the benefit of the proposed design (the results are similar to other designs, no real improvement is shown).

Authors are encouraged to discuss this, or introduce a new aspect which would improve the performance of the proposed design.

Author Response

Dear experts, our team has made a detailed reply to your comments in the following documents. Please check it!

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

The paper can be accepted after correction of grammatical mistakes like on page 2 "sadanandam et al. [22]" should be Sadanandam et al. [22].

Author Response

Dear experts, our team has made a detailed reply to your comments in the following documents. Please check it!

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 4 Report

Okay, I'm satisfy by the answers given. The paper can be accepted in this form.

Author Response

Dear experts, our team has made a detailed reply to your comments in the following documents. Please check it!

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

This manuscript is a resubmission of an earlier submission. The following is a list of the peer review reports and author responses from that submission.

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

References do not seem to contain the information they are cited to back up.

[14] Fu, X.; Ma, C.; Lin, J.; Zhang, J. Numerical Study on Vibration Response and Fatigue Damage of Axial Compressor Blade Considering Aerodynamic Excitation. Metals 2021, 11, 1835.

For instance, [14] is cited to talk about sweep angles of swept blades and their range being from 20 to 50. However, reference [14] does not contain terms sweep angle, swept blade or their range. Lines 51-54

" After the 21st century, due to the further improvement of supercharging degree and the need for a wide and efficient flow range, people have adopted a large number of swept blades with sweep Angle of 20-50°, which greatly improves the performance of compressor impeller and stage of turbo-charging [14]"

[16] Li, Z.; Lu, X.; Han, G.; Huang, E.; Yang, C.; Zhu, J. Numerical and experimental investigation of flow mechanism and application of tandem-impeller for centrifugal compressor. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020, 100, 105819.

Reference [16] is cited to mention that turbomachinery may experience different faults that may result in serious accidents which may even lead to destruction and death. However, reference [16] does not include terms accident, destruction or death. Nor does it talk about economic loss. Lines 58-61

"However, turbomachinery often appears various kinds of faults that affect its normal operation, and sometimes even serious accidents of machine destruction and death occur, resulting in great economic losses [16]."

[11] Li, J.; Liu, Y.; Du, J.; Zhang, H. Automatic stability control using tip air injection in a multi-stage axial flow compressor. Aerospace Science and Technology 2020, 98, 105707

Reference [11] is cited to establish the fact that some developed countries started using computers to analyze aerodynamics and 3 dimensional flow field of runoff turbines starting from mid 1960s. Again, the cited paper does not talk about computer analysis, developed countries or 1960s. Lines 64-66

" Some developed countries began to use computers to analyze the aero-
dynamics and three-dimensional flow field of runoff turbines in the middle and late 1960s [11]."

[18] Chiron, L.; De Leffe, M.; Oger, G.; Le Touzé, D. Fast and accurate SPH modelling of 3D complex wall boundaries in viscous and non-viscous flows. Computer Physics Communications 2019, 234, 93-111. 

Reference [18] is cited to mention how CAD/CAM are being used for flow modeling and analysis. It is true that this paper presents such a model but it does not include and advanced laser testing technology as claimed where it is cited. Lines 68-70

" At present, major turbocharger manufacturers have advanced CAD/CAM 
and CAT systems, and use FEM and advanced laser testing technology to conduct 3D viscous flow modeling and verification analysis [18]. "

[20] Lu, Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, W; Zhu, K.; Liu, Z. Optimization of blade structure parameters of axial flow turbocharger. Science & Technology Vision 2019, 6, 97-100.

While reference [20] seems to be well-placed for the cited place, this reviewer was unable to find the paper or the journal.

It is fair to say that some references are well-placed. Such as reference [21] does really discuss effect of turbine geometry (and hence, thickness) on vibratory blade stress)

[21] Naik, P.; Lehmayr, B.; Homeier, S.; Klaus, M.; Vogt, D. Influence of Turbocharger Turbine Blade Geometry on Vibratory Blade 570 Stresses. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 2019, 141, 021015.

Lines 76-77

"Naik et al. [21] analyzed the vibration stress of different blade shapes and deduced the relationship between the total stress and the thickness of the blade. "

reference [22] cannot be found online. It may be a publication available only in Chinese, in which case authors should give the full title in Chinese, then English translation, and mention that this publication is only available in Chinese.

 

While talking about results, Figure 8 is not cited as Type A is introduced. Figure 8 is cited while talking about Type B which is a mistake. Type A is shown in Figure 8 while Figure 9 shows Type B. Discussions and text should be corrected/updated. Lines 383 to 395, Specifically 392 to 395

"In the type A model, the pressure distribution is the same as that of type O. The leading edge of the improved curved windward edge is subjected to large gas pressure, with a maximum value of 11652.50Pa which is reduced relative to type O. When the α in the blade parameter is changed to 2mm, that is, the type B model, as shown in Figure 8. "

The citation is wrong in line 483, it needs to be [53]

"This is roughly the same as the experimental results of Saravanan et al. [56]"

Reference [53] Saravanan, M. Examination of Structural and Dynamic Properties for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Made of Stainless Steel using Ansys. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2020, 9, 1072-1077

Reference [56] Omosanya, A. J.; Akinlabi, E. T.; Okeniyi, J. O., Static Analysis of the Last Stage Low Pressure Steam Turbine Blade to Improve Blade twist Angle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1107, 012056.

 

First sentence of conclusions does not have a meaning. Also, it is unorthodox to cite papers in conclusions. That needs to be done before.

" With the development of industry [54] and the progress of science and technology [55], it is inseparable from the use of turbocharger.  "

Why main conclusions of the paper has a citation as [56]? Does that mean the conclusions are identical? In that case, what is the novelty of this paper?

Line 494:

" The main conclusions are as follows [56]. "

Also, considering that all the simulation results were in line with earlier works such as [51] [52] and [53] (which is cited as [56] in the paper]) what is the novelty of this work? It looks like repetition and reaffirmation of previous work.

If there is a novelty, that needs to be clearly written at the end of abstract, introduction and conclusions in 3 places.