Phase Equilibria of the Ti-Nb-Mn Ternary System at 1173K, 1273K and 1373K
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
3. Experimental Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Phase Equilibria at 1173K
4.2. Phase Equilibria at 1273K
Alloys No. | Nominal Composition (at %) | Experimental Results (at %) | Phase Determination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti | Nb | Mn | Ti | Nb | Mn | ||
B1 | 11 | 47 | 42 | 8.56 | 84.95 | 6.49 | (βTi,Nb) |
12.6 | 29.3 | 58.1 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B2 | 22 | 38 | 40 | 19.2 | 73.13 | 7.67 | (βTi,Nb) |
22.5 | 22.57 | 54.93 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B3 | 27 | 27 | 46 | 23.99 | 67.7 | 8.31 | (βTi,Nb) |
26.73 | 19.31 | 53.96 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B4 | 35 | 27 | 38 | 40.37 | 48.39 | 11.24 | (βTi,Nb) |
31.66 | 15.62 | 52.72 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B5 | 40 | 15 | 45 | 53.86 | 29.12 | 17.02 | (βTi,Nb) |
36.37 | 12.86 | 50.77 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B6 | 47 | 12 | 41 | 58.19 | 24.83 | 16.98 | (βTi,Nb) |
38.69 | 11.25 | 50.06 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
51.96 | 7.4 | 40.64 | K | ||||
B7 | 54 | 16 | 30 | 58.07 | 24.45 | 17.48 | (βTi,Nb) |
37.97 | 11.45 | 50.58 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
51.88 | 7.34 | 40.78 | K | ||||
B8 | 59 | 10 | 31 | 65.8 | 13.78 | 20.42 | (βTi,Nb) |
54.84 | 5.9 | 39.26 | K | ||||
B9 | 56 | 4 | 40 | 69.01 | 4.8 | 26.19 | (βTi,Nb) |
53.13 | 4.21 | 42.66 | K | ||||
46.89 | 2.22 | 50.89 | βTiMn | ||||
B10 | 42 | 8 | 50 | 39.24 | 8.24 | 52.52 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
52.38 | 6.01 | 41.61 | K | ||||
B11 | 42 | 6 | 52 | 39.24 | 5.37 | 55.39 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
52.37 | 5.42 | 42.21 | K | ||||
B12 | 14 | 24 | 62 | 51.91 | 5.42 | 42.67 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
B13 | 20 | 15 | 65 | 20.05 | 14.78 | 65.17 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
B14 | 27 | 8 | 65 | 26.7 | 8.11 | 65.19 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
B15 | 34 | 8 | 58 | 35.12 | 8.37 | 56.51 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
B16 | 23 | 4 | 73 | 24.28 | 4.56 | 71.16 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
22.71 | 2.54 | 74.75 | TiMn3 | ||||
B17 | 20 | 5 | 75 | 19.65 | 8.66 | 71.69 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
21.38 | 3.74 | 74.88 | TiMn3 | ||||
B18 | 22 | 2 | 76 | 22.45 | 1.65 | 75.9 | TiMn3 |
B19 | 20 | 1 | 79 | 21.73 | 1.12 | 77.15 | TiMn3 |
18.33 | 0.95 | 80.72 | TiMn4 | ||||
B20 | 15 | 2 | 83 | 17.63 | 1.24 | 81.13 | TiMn4 |
B21 | 12 | 1 | 87 | 11.73 | 0.32 | 87.95 | αMn |
14.44 | 0.51 | 85.05 | TiMn4 | ||||
B22 | 10 | 10 | 80 | 8.01 | 2.45 | 89.54 | αMn |
12.58 | 15.62 | 71.8 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B23 | 5 | 7 | 88 | 4.29 | 3.98 | 91.73 | αMn |
7.42 | 20.46 | 72.12 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B24 | 1 | 12 | 87 | 0.24 | 1.79 | 97.97 | βMn |
1.27 | 25.67 | 73.06 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
B25 | 4 | 2 | 94 | 4.23 | 2.93 | 92.84 | αMn |
3.94 | 1.56 | 94.5 | βMn |
4.3. Phase Equilibria at 1373K
Alloys No. | Nominal Composition (at %) | Experimental Results (at %) | Phase Determination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti | Nb | Mn | Ti | Nb | Mn | ||
C1 | 6 | 43 | 51 | 5.63 | 86.53 | 7.84 | (βTi,Nb) |
6.61 | 33.19 | 60.2 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
C2 | 20 | 38 | 42 | 24.98 | 63.99 | 11.03 | (βTi,Nb) |
18.05 | 25.07 | 56.88 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
C3 | 27 | 33 | 40 | 32.75 | 54.5 | 12.75 | (βTi,Nb) |
23.64 | 21.22 | 55.14 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
C4 | 36 | 28 | 36 | 42.99 | 41.73 | 15.28 | (βTi,Nb) |
30.31 | 17.07 | 52.62 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
C5 | 40 | 18 | 42 | 47.57 | 9.54 | 42.89 | K |
49.84 | 33.02 | 17.14 | (βTi,Nb) | ||||
32.98 | 14.07 | 52.95 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
C6 | 54 | 13 | 33 | 49.78 | 9.19 | 41.03 | K |
58.94 | 17.35 | 23.71 | (βTi,Nb) | ||||
C7 | 53 | 5 | 42 | 46.14 | 2.3 | 51.56 | βTiMn |
64.34 | 5.76 | 29.9 | (βTi,Nb) | ||||
49.67 | 6.75 | 43.58 | K | ||||
C8 | 44 | 9 | 47 | 36.22 | 8.1 | 55.68 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
47.58 | 7.64 | 44.78 | K | ||||
C9 | 40 | 8 | 52 | 36.23 | 10.34 | 53.43 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
47.35 | 8.8 | 43.85 | K | ||||
C10 | 13 | 23 | 64 | 13.3 | 23.31 | 63.39 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
C11 | 22 | 13 | 65 | 21.12 | 13.64 | 65.24 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
C12 | 30 | 7 | 63 | 28.72 | 6.97 | 64.31 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Phase Prototype | Space Group | Lattice Parameters (nm) | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | ||||
βNb | cI2 | Im-3m | 0.3320 | - | - | [18,28] |
αTi | hP2 | P63/mmc | 0.2951 | - | 0.4684 | [17] |
βTi | cI2 | Im-3m | 0.3307 | - | - | [17] |
αMn | cI58 | I-43m | 0.8913 | - | - | [17] |
βMn | cP20 | P4312 | 0.6315 | - | - | [17] |
γMn | cF4 | Fm-3m | 0.3860 | - | - | [17] |
αTiMn | tP30 | P42/mnm | 0.8731 | - | 0.4390 | [29] |
βTiMn | - | - | 0.8159 | - | 1.2767 | [29] |
TiMn2 | hP12 | P63/mmc | 0.47141 | - | 0.78038 | [17] |
TiMn3 | oP74 | Pbam | 0.79081 | 2.58557 | 0.47931 | [17] |
TiMn4 | hR53 | R-3 | 0.1007 | - | 0.194411 | [17] |
NbMn2 | hP12 | P63/mmc | 0.4802 | - | 0.7930 | [18,28] |
Alloys No. | Nominal Composition (at %) | Experimental Results (at %) | Phase Determination | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti | Nb | Mn | Ti | Nb | Mn | ||
A1 | 10 | 50 | 40 | 13.91 | 76.62 | 9.47 | (βTi,Nb) |
10.75 | 29.81 | 59.44 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A2 | 20 | 50 | 30 | 21.78 | 68.53 | 9.69 | (βTi,Nb) |
19.9 | 23.21 | 56.89 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A3 | 25 | 30 | 45 | 23.61 | 66.7 | 9.69 | (βTi,Nb) |
26.44 | 18.38 | 55.18 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A4 | 35 | 25 | 40 | 40.37 | 48.39 | 11.24 | (βTi,Nb) |
30.66 | 14.91 | 54.43 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A5 | 40 | 20 | 40 | 48.18 | 38.97 | 12.85 | (βTi,Nb) |
34.77 | 11.91 | 53.32 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A6 | 40 | 15 | 45 | 48.68 | 38.57 | 12.75 | (βTi,Nb) |
34.27 | 11.91 | 53.82 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
49.24 | 7.92 | 42.84 | K | ||||
A7 | 55 | 15 | 30 | 60.07 | 22.79 | 17.14 | (βTi,Nb) |
50.89 | 8.37 | 40.74 | K | ||||
A8 | 55 | 5 | 40 | 70.13 | 8.04 | 21.83 | (βTi,Nb) |
50.88 | 6.89 | 42.23 | K | ||||
45.63 | 3.45 | 50.92 | βTiMn | ||||
A9 | 68 | 2 | 30 | 49.39 | 0.68 | 49.93 | αTiMn |
72.53 | 2.26 | 25.21 | (βTi,Nb) | ||||
A10 | 42 | 9 | 49 | 48.99 | 8.23 | 42.78 | K |
36.94 | 9.41 | 53.65 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A11 | 47 | 4 | 49 | 45.69 | 3.01 | 51.3 | βTiMn |
49.98 | 7.36 | 42.66 | K | ||||
A12 | 40 | 2 | 58 | 36.67 | 2.18 | 61.15 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
44.99 | 1.9 | 53.11 | (βTi,Nb) | ||||
A13 | 7 | 30 | 63 | 6.79 | 30.27 | 62.94 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
A14 | 20 | 15 | 65 | 19.91 | 15.11 | 64.98 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
A15 | 30 | 5 | 65 | 28.42 | 6.93 | 64.65 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 |
A16 | 17.5 | 4 | 78.5 | 17.16 | 3.57 | 79.27 | TiMn4 |
19.06 | 5.7 | 75.24 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A17 | 10 | 10 | 80 | 7.02 | 2.95 | 90.03 | αMn |
12.78 | 15.65 | 71.57 | (Ti,Nb)Mn2 | ||||
A18 | 15 | 2 | 83 | 17.96 | 2.39 | 79.65 | TiMn4 |
A19 | 14 | 1 | 85 | 14.44 | 1.51 | 84.05 | TiMn4 |
10.73 | 1.32 | 87.95 | αMn | ||||
A20 | 9 | 1 | 90 | 8.91 | 2.06 | 89.03 | αMn |
A21 | 5 | 1 | 94 | 7.04 | 0.72 | 92.24 | αMn |
3.39 | 0.97 | 95.64 | βMn | ||||
A22 | 3 | 2 | 95 | 6.91 | 2.16 | 90.93 | αMn |
2.1 | 2.03 | 95.87 | βMn |
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Li, C.; Guo, H.; Zheng, L.; Yang, J.; Ye, L.; Liu, L.; Zhang, L. Phase Equilibria of the Ti-Nb-Mn Ternary System at 1173K, 1273K and 1373K. Processes 2023, 11, 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020424
Li C, Guo H, Zheng L, Yang J, Ye L, Liu L, Zhang L. Phase Equilibria of the Ti-Nb-Mn Ternary System at 1173K, 1273K and 1373K. Processes. 2023; 11(2):424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020424
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chenbo, Hongyi Guo, Linghong Zheng, Jifeng Yang, Lideng Ye, Libin Liu, and Ligang Zhang. 2023. "Phase Equilibria of the Ti-Nb-Mn Ternary System at 1173K, 1273K and 1373K" Processes 11, no. 2: 424. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020424