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10.3390/pr11051542
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Article

Exploring Different Designs in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Dyes to Enhance Divergent Optical Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

by
Daniele Franchi
1,*,
Matteo Bartolini
1,
Francesco D’Amico
1,2,
Massimo Calamante
1,3,
Lorenzo Zani
1,
Gianna Reginato
1,
Alessandro Mordini
1,3 and
Alessio Dessì
1,*
1
Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (CNR-ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
2
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
3
Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051542
Submission received: 21 April 2023 / Revised: 12 May 2023 / Accepted: 15 May 2023 / Published: 17 May 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
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Abstract

Two novel organic sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), called TP1 and TP2, based on the electron-poor thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPz) π-bridge and the electron-rich N,N-bis(4-(hexylthio)phenyl)aniline (TPA) were designed following two different approaches: the classical D-A-π-A design and a symmetric structure with double anchoring functions. Both compounds were prepared exploiting short synthetic pathways based on direct arylation strategies and possibly one-pot desymmetrization. The two novel dyes displayed opposite optical properties: a broad and intense light absorption over the entire visible spectrum for TP1, and a localized absorption that peaked in the center of the visible region for TP2, resulting in a pitch-dark coloration and a green tone, respectively. When assembling the photovoltaic devices, different electrolyte compositions were explored to enhance the optical properties of the dyes. Power conversion efficiencies as high as 5.2% under full sun intensity were recorded for small test devices. The composition of the light transmitted through the TP2-containing transparent DSSC fits well with the human eye sensitivity spectrum, thus fulfilling the transparency requirements for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).
Keywords: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine; dyes; building-integrated photovoltaics Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine; dyes; building-integrated photovoltaics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Franchi, D.; Bartolini, M.; D’Amico, F.; Calamante, M.; Zani, L.; Reginato, G.; Mordini, A.; Dessì, A. Exploring Different Designs in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Dyes to Enhance Divergent Optical Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Processes 2023, 11, 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051542

AMA Style

Franchi D, Bartolini M, D’Amico F, Calamante M, Zani L, Reginato G, Mordini A, Dessì A. Exploring Different Designs in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Dyes to Enhance Divergent Optical Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Processes. 2023; 11(5):1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051542

Chicago/Turabian Style

Franchi, Daniele, Matteo Bartolini, Francesco D’Amico, Massimo Calamante, Lorenzo Zani, Gianna Reginato, Alessandro Mordini, and Alessio Dessì. 2023. "Exploring Different Designs in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Dyes to Enhance Divergent Optical Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells" Processes 11, no. 5: 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051542

APA Style

Franchi, D., Bartolini, M., D’Amico, F., Calamante, M., Zani, L., Reginato, G., Mordini, A., & Dessì, A. (2023). Exploring Different Designs in Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-Based Dyes to Enhance Divergent Optical Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Processes, 11(5), 1542. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051542

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