Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior and Life Prediction of Welded Joints of SMA490BW Steel for Bogies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Method and Finite Element Simulation
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experiment Content
2.3. Finite Element Simulation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fatigue Crack Propagation Path
3.2. Crack Propagation Rate
3.3. Life Prediction
3.4. Analysis and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The initiation, propagation, and transient fracture processes of the NZ and HAZ samples of the SMA490BW welded joint were all in the weld zone. The cracks extended along a straight line, and only a small angle of deflection appeared in the transient fracture zone.
- (2)
- In the stable expansion stage of the SMA490BW welded joint, the crack propagation rate of the NZ sample was higher than that of the HAZ sample because the performance of the NZ was weaker than that of the HAZ.
- (3)
- The crack propagation behavior of the SMA490BW welded joint was analyzed using the FRANC 3D and ABAQUS cosimulation method. The crack propagation path and crack propagation rate of the NZ and HAZ samples were consistent with the test results, thereby verifying the feasibility of the cosimulation.
- (4)
- The test results show that the life span of the HAZ sample was higher than that of the NZ sample. Moreover, the relative error between the two sample’s crack propagation prediction and test results using the FRANC 3D was about 5%, which verifies that the FRANC 3D is accurate in predicting the crack propagation life of the SMA490BW welded joint.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
a | crack length |
da/dN | fatigue crack growth rate |
E | elasticity modulus |
F | loading load |
N | number of cycles |
R | stress ratio |
μ | Poisson ratio |
σs | yield strength |
ΔKth | threshold value |
∆K | stress intensity factor range |
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C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | Ni | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤0.18 | 0.15~0.65 | ≤1.40 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.006 | 0.30~0.50 | 0.05~0.30 | 0.45~0.75 |
E/MPa | μ | σs/MPa | |
---|---|---|---|
base metal | 206,000 | 0.30 | 365 |
HAZ | 206,000 | 0.26 | 398 |
NZ | 215,000 | 0.35 | 369 |
Crack Location | m | C | ΔKth (Mpa/m1/2) |
---|---|---|---|
NZ | 3.37 | 1.15 × 10−13 | 5.939 |
HAZ | 3.05 | 1.95 × 10−13 | 4.895 |
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Xu, X.; Xie, L.; Zhou, S.; An, J.; Huang, Y.; Li, D. Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior and Life Prediction of Welded Joints of SMA490BW Steel for Bogies. Processes 2023, 11, 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071984
Xu X, Xie L, Zhou S, An J, Huang Y, Li D. Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior and Life Prediction of Welded Joints of SMA490BW Steel for Bogies. Processes. 2023; 11(7):1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071984
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Xingyuan, Liyang Xie, Song Zhou, Jinlan An, Yanqing Huang, and Dongxia Li. 2023. "Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior and Life Prediction of Welded Joints of SMA490BW Steel for Bogies" Processes 11, no. 7: 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11071984