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Volume 11
Issue 7
10.3390/pr11072145
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Article

Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries

by
Franz Zeppetzauer
1,
Raphaela Süss
1,2,
Richard Nadányi
3,
Robert F. Putz
1,
Anton Lisý
3,
Christian Paulik
2,
Igor Šurina
3,
Petra Strižincová
3,
Kateryna Huemer
1 and
Birgit Kamm
1,4,*
1
Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
2
Faculty of Technology and Natural Sciences, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Campus Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
3
Department of Wood, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Pulp and Paper, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
4
Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2023, 11(7), 2145; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072145
Submission received: 25 May 2023 / Revised: 3 July 2023 / Accepted: 12 July 2023 / Published: 18 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Extraction and Detection of Phenolic Compounds and Their Application)
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Abstract

Every year, the pulp and wood-processing industry produces large side streams of bark, the valorisation of which is desirable for both economic and environmental reasons. We investigated organosolv extraction of antioxidants from Picea abies bark using various ratios of ethanol/water with the goal of obtaining high yields of these desirable compounds. The resulting extracts were analysed (I) for their total contents of phenols (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and tannins (TTC), and (II) for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The highest total yield of bark extract (14.78%) and the highest concentrations of dry extracts of TPC (324.80 mg g−1), TFC (62.55 mg g−1) and TTC (83.63 mg g−1) were obtained under mild conditions (100 °C extraction temperature and an ethanol/water solvent ratio of 50%, v/v). DPPH antioxidant activity index (AAI) ranged from 0.68 (pure water extract) to 1.31. This antioxidant effect was increased to 1.59 by adding oligolignin from the organosolv process. In the extracts, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) found nine aromatic carboxylic acids, including phenolic acids and the flavonoid compounds quercetin and (+)-catechin. Our environmentally friendly approach will form the basis for pilot plant and industrial applications.
Keywords: phenolic compounds; organosolv extraction; spruce bark; GC–MS; GPC; FT-IR; 31P-NMR; antioxidant activity phenolic compounds; organosolv extraction; spruce bark; GC–MS; GPC; FT-IR; 31P-NMR; antioxidant activity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zeppetzauer, F.; Süss, R.; Nadányi, R.; Putz, R.F.; Lisý, A.; Paulik, C.; Šurina, I.; Strižincová, P.; Huemer, K.; Kamm, B. Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries. Processes 2023, 11, 2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072145

AMA Style

Zeppetzauer F, Süss R, Nadányi R, Putz RF, Lisý A, Paulik C, Šurina I, Strižincová P, Huemer K, Kamm B. Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries. Processes. 2023; 11(7):2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072145

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeppetzauer, Franz, Raphaela Süss, Richard Nadányi, Robert F. Putz, Anton Lisý, Christian Paulik, Igor Šurina, Petra Strižincová, Kateryna Huemer, and Birgit Kamm. 2023. "Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries" Processes 11, no. 7: 2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072145

APA Style

Zeppetzauer, F., Süss, R., Nadányi, R., Putz, R. F., Lisý, A., Paulik, C., Šurina, I., Strižincová, P., Huemer, K., & Kamm, B. (2023). Environmentally Friendly Extraction from Picea Abies Bark as an Approach to Accessing Valuable Antioxidants in Biorefineries. Processes, 11(7), 2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072145

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