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10.3390/pr12071530
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Article

Optimization of Sample Preparation Procedure for Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk and Infant Food by HPLC Technique

by
Jasna Bošnir
1,2,3,
Martina Bevardi
1,
Ida Hećimović
4,
Maja Budeč
1,
Iva Juranović Cindrić
4,
Robert Kober
5,
Gordana Jurak
1,
Dario Lasić
1,
Danijel Brkić
1 and
Aleksandar Racz
2,3,*
1
Teaching Institute of Public Health “Dr. Andrija Štampar”, Mirogojska 16, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
University of Applied Health Sciences, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
4
Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
5
State Inspector Office, Ulica Pavla Šubića 29, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Processes 2024, 12(7), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071530
Submission received: 4 July 2024 / Revised: 16 July 2024 / Accepted: 18 July 2024 / Published: 20 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies in Sustainable Dairy Processing)
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Abstract

Background: The analysis of vitamins in baby food is a challenging task given the complexity of the food matrix, vitamin stability, and strict regulations of the European Union regarding permissible deviations from declared values. Vitamins in food exist in different concentrations and forms and have different stabilities; thus, the preparation of samples for a reliable analysis using the same procedure is not straightforward. Therefore, significant attention has been devoted to optimizing sample preparation in the analysis of vitamins. Methods: This study aims to determine which of the sample preparation and extraction methods is the most efficient for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, D, E, and K in milk and baby food using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Different samples of baby food were prepared in seven different ways based on four methods (saponification, enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent extraction, and solid-phase extraction). Results and Conclusions: According to the validation parameters, the optimal preparation method proved to be solid-phase extraction with a C18 stationary phase, with recoveries of 97.4%, 96.1%, 98.3%, and 96.2% for vitamins A, D, E, and K, respectively, and HPLC with a UV–Vis detector was identified as a sufficiently sensitive technique for the identification and quantification of fat-soluble vitamins in milk and baby food.
Keywords: vitaminized baby food; vitamin determination; solid-phase extraction; fat-soluble vitamins; reversed-phase HPLC vitaminized baby food; vitamin determination; solid-phase extraction; fat-soluble vitamins; reversed-phase HPLC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bošnir, J.; Bevardi, M.; Hećimović, I.; Budeč, M.; Juranović Cindrić, I.; Kober, R.; Jurak, G.; Lasić, D.; Brkić, D.; Racz, A. Optimization of Sample Preparation Procedure for Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk and Infant Food by HPLC Technique. Processes 2024, 12, 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071530

AMA Style

Bošnir J, Bevardi M, Hećimović I, Budeč M, Juranović Cindrić I, Kober R, Jurak G, Lasić D, Brkić D, Racz A. Optimization of Sample Preparation Procedure for Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk and Infant Food by HPLC Technique. Processes. 2024; 12(7):1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071530

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bošnir, Jasna, Martina Bevardi, Ida Hećimović, Maja Budeč, Iva Juranović Cindrić, Robert Kober, Gordana Jurak, Dario Lasić, Danijel Brkić, and Aleksandar Racz. 2024. "Optimization of Sample Preparation Procedure for Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk and Infant Food by HPLC Technique" Processes 12, no. 7: 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071530

APA Style

Bošnir, J., Bevardi, M., Hećimović, I., Budeč, M., Juranović Cindrić, I., Kober, R., Jurak, G., Lasić, D., Brkić, D., & Racz, A. (2024). Optimization of Sample Preparation Procedure for Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Milk and Infant Food by HPLC Technique. Processes, 12(7), 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12071530

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