Fault Detection and Isolation in Transient Conditions on a Heated Two-Tank System: A Multiway Principal Component Analysis Approach

This paper presents a methodology for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in transient conditions using a multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) approach where practical data have been augmented with simulated data to conduct FDI when there are insufficient practical data. The motivation for using a heated two-tank system is due to the fact that it resembles a basic process in terms of controllable variables, noise, disturbances, and changes in operating points. Normal and faulty condition data of the practical heated two-tank system as well as a Simulink^® model of the heated two-tank system were used. The MPCA technique has enhanced ability to detect and isolate faults in transient conditions compared to classic principal component analysis (PCA). MPCA, however, requires a vast amount of normal process transient conditions data to train the model to then enable meaningful fault detection and isolation. In this study, the practical normal transient conditions data are augmented with simulated normal transient conditions data to meet the requirement of a large amount of data. Utilising different datasets for the training of the MPCA model, the fault detection and isolation performance was evaluated with various metrics. This paper presents positive results towards the implementation of MPCA for fault detection in transient conditions.