Optimal Operation Strategy for Wind–Photovoltaic Power-Based Hydrogen Production Systems Considering Electrolyzer Start-Up Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structure of Wind–Solar Hydrogen Production System
3. A Multi-State Operation Model for Electrolytic Cells Considering Cold and Hot Start Times
- (1)
- Multi-state transition model for electrolytic cells
- (2)
- A current power linearization model for electrolytic cells in multiple states
- (3)
- Model of working range of electrolytic cell
- (4)
- Energy Conversion Model for Electrolytic Cell Electricity Hydrogen
4. Optimization Operation Model of 3 Wind–Solar Hydrogen Production Systems
4.1. Objective Function
4.2. Constraints
- (1)
- Power balance constraints of wind–solar hydrogen production system
- (2)
- Grid connected operation constraints
- (3)
- Operational constraints of hydrogen storage tanks
- (4)
- Constraints related to the operation of electrochemical energy storage
5. Case Study
5.1. Parameter Settings
5.2. Comparative Analysis of Plans
- (1)
- Economic analysis
- (2)
- System operation status analysis
5.3. Analysis of the Impact of Hydrogen Storage Tank Capacity on System Operating Revenue
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Device | Rated Capacity |
---|---|
Hydrogen storage tank | 3000 kg |
Wind turbine | 10 MW |
Photovoltaic unit | 90 MW |
Electrochemical energy storage | 10 MWh, 1 MW |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
r11 | 8.24 × 10−5 Ω m2 |
r12 | −4.12 × 10−7 m2 °C−1 |
r21 | 0.2393 V |
r22 | −2.952 × 10−3 V °C−1 |
r23 | 1.55 × 10−5 V °C−2 |
r31 | 0.6767 A−1 m2 |
r32 | −2.71 × 10−2 A−1 m2 °C−1 |
r33 | 4.87 × 10−4 A−1 m2 °C−2 |
r34 | −2.69 × 10−6 A−1 m2 °C−2 |
A | 0.25 m2 |
Uref | 1.229 V |
Tm | 80 °C |
Nel | 350 |
Ps | 2 |
, | 10, 300 |
Scheme | Total Revenue | Electricity Sales Revenue | Hydrogen Sales Revenue | Abandoned Electricity Cost |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 57.64 | −3.18 | 64.52 | 3.70 |
2 | 13.10 | 7.32 | 13.91 | 8.13 |
3 | 57.64 | −3.18 | 64.52 | 3.70 |
Scheme | Power Generation/MW | Abandoned Power/MW | Abandonment Rate |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 111.86 | 30.79 | 27.52% |
2 | 111.86 | 67.77 | 60.58% |
3 | 111.86 | 30.79 | 27.52% |
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Ma, B.; Zheng, J.; Xian, Z.; Wang, B.; Ma, H. Optimal Operation Strategy for Wind–Photovoltaic Power-Based Hydrogen Production Systems Considering Electrolyzer Start-Up Characteristics. Processes 2024, 12, 1756. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081756
Ma B, Zheng J, Xian Z, Wang B, Ma H. Optimal Operation Strategy for Wind–Photovoltaic Power-Based Hydrogen Production Systems Considering Electrolyzer Start-Up Characteristics. Processes. 2024; 12(8):1756. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081756
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Ben, Jianfeng Zheng, Zhongye Xian, Bo Wang, and Hengrui Ma. 2024. "Optimal Operation Strategy for Wind–Photovoltaic Power-Based Hydrogen Production Systems Considering Electrolyzer Start-Up Characteristics" Processes 12, no. 8: 1756. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081756