Research on Energy Dissipation of Hydrofoil Cavitation Flow Field with FBDCM Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Model
2.1. Governing Equations
2.2. Filter-Based Density Modified Model
2.3. Cavitation Model
2.4. Entropy Production Equation
2.5. Geometric Dimensions Fluid Domain and Software Settings
2.6. Grid Generation and Independence Verification
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Vortex and Cavity
3.2. Energy Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- According to the comparison with the experiment results, FBDCM can effectively capture the flow characteristics of cavity initiation, development, fracture, shedding, and collapse, revealing the complex dynamics between cavitation and vortexes. The numerical model in this paper can accurately predict the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and the frequency of cavitation evolution.
- (2)
- The vortex dilatation term in the vorticity transport equation plays a crucial role throughout the cavitation evolution cycle. The impact of the vortex stretching term on vorticity transport is slightly greater than that of the baroclinic torque term. The vortex stretching term mainly exists on the right cavity surface of the hydrofoil and the left leakage cavity surface. In 0.3T~0.4T (cavity growing stage), the vortex dilatation term promotes the development of cavity. In 0.5T~0.8T (cavity shedding stage), the volume of the cloud cavity continues to increase, the vortex expansion ability inside the cavity weakens, and the ability of the vortex dilatation term to transport vortices decreases. The baroclinic moment term has a weak impact on the whole cavity evolution process, primarily appearing at the boundary of the cavity closure region.
- (3)
- During the phenomenon of cloud cavity shedding and collapse, the total entropy production value in the flow field is significant. When the cavity collapses, the total entropy production value reaches its peak value. The turbulent dissipation entropy production rate is predominantly localized in the fluid domain below the lifted attached cavity and within the vortex induced by the cloud cavity, accounting for over 80% of the total entropy production. The direct dissipation entropy production rate primarily occurs near the stagnation point of the hydrofoil’s leading edge and inside the cavity. The wall entropy production rate is concentrated in uncovered cavity areas, while the cavitation entropy production rate is mainly concentrated on the vapor–liquid interface.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BT | baroclinic torque term |
c | chord length |
CL | lift coefficient |
CD | drag coefficient |
I | turbulence intensity |
k | turbulence kinetic energy |
mass transfer rate | |
m+ | condensation rate |
m- | evaporation rate |
p | pressure |
RVD | vortex dilatation term |
RVS | vortex stretching term |
direct dissipation entropy production rate | |
direct dissipation entropy production value | |
turbulent dissipation entropy production rate | |
turbulent dissipation entropy production value | |
cavitation entropy production rate | |
cavitation entropy production value | |
wall entropy production rate | |
wall entropy production value | |
total entropy production rate | |
total entropy production value | |
t | time |
ZGB | Zwart–Gerber–Belamri model |
α | angle of attack |
αv | vapor volume fraction |
ε | turbulence dissipation rate |
ρ | density |
σ | cavitation number |
μ | dynamic viscosity |
Subscripts | |
eff | effective value |
i,j,1,2,3 | direction of the Cartesian coordinates |
l | liquid phase |
m | mixture |
T | temperature |
v | vapor phase |
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Number of Cells | CL | CD | f | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 3,036,694 | 0.602 | 0.085 | 18.25 |
M2 | 5,618,224 | 0.608 | 0.087 | 18.11 |
M3 | 8,199,754 | 0.614 | 0.088 | 18.09 |
M4 | 10,781,284 | 0.616 | 0.088 | 18.08 |
Exp. [26] | - | 0.620 | 0.090 | 18.05 |
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Huang, R.; Wang, Y.; Xu, H.; Qiu, C.; Ma, W. Research on Energy Dissipation of Hydrofoil Cavitation Flow Field with FBDCM Model. Processes 2024, 12, 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081780
Huang R, Wang Y, Xu H, Qiu C, Ma W. Research on Energy Dissipation of Hydrofoil Cavitation Flow Field with FBDCM Model. Processes. 2024; 12(8):1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081780
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Rui, Yulong Wang, Haitao Xu, Chaohui Qiu, and Wei Ma. 2024. "Research on Energy Dissipation of Hydrofoil Cavitation Flow Field with FBDCM Model" Processes 12, no. 8: 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081780