Analysis of Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Petrol-Contaminated Soil after Biostimulation with an Enzyme Reagent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Determination of Soil Chemical Parameters
2.3. Determination of Soil Enzyme Activity
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | C | C1 × 40 | C2 × 20 | C4 × 10 | P | P1 × 40 | P2 × 20 | P4 × 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petrol (g kg−1 DM) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
6% solution of FZ (cm3) | 0 | 1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 | 0 | 1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 |
Corg (g kg−1) | Ntot (g kg−1) | C:N | Stot (g kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|
5.99 ± 0.12 | 0.48 ± 0.01 | 12.48 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.01 |
Day | Uncontaminated Soil | Soil Contaminated with Petrol | ||||
1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 | 1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 | |
Corg | ||||||
1 | 1.111 ± 0.003 a | 1.001 ± 0.008 d | 1.059 ± 0.008 b | 1.094 ± 0.005 a | 1.095 ± 0.014 a | 1.031 ± 0.001 c |
56 | 1.144 ± 0.015 a | 1.022 ± 0.025 b | 1.023 ± 0.006 b | 1.128 ± 0.045 a | 1.148 ± 0.025 a | 1.164 ± 0.017 a |
Ntot | ||||||
1 | 1.082 ± 0.036 a | 1.058 ± 0.056 a | 1.093 ± 0.041 a | 1.093 ± 0.086 a | 1.065 ± 0.104 a | 1.095 ± 0.096 a |
56 | 1.217 ± 0.072 a,b | 1.023 ± 0.049 c | 1.027 ± 0.053 c | 1.063 ± 0.101 b,c | 1.109 ± 0.083 b,c | 1.336 ± 0.033 a |
C:N | ||||||
1 | 1.028 ± 0.032 a | 0.947 ± 0.046 a | 0.969 ± 0.032 a | 1.004 ± 0.076 a | 1.035 ± 0.102 a | 0.947 ± 0.085 a |
56 | 0.942 ± 0.064 a,b | 1.001 ± 0.075 a,b | 0.998 ± 0.051 a,b | 1.065 ± 0.064 a | 1.039 ± 0.055 a | 0.871 ± 0.015 b |
Stot | ||||||
1 | 1.042 ± 0.056 b | 1.019 ± 0.035 b | 1.065 ± 0.029 b | 1.222 ± 0.081 a | 1.088 ± 0.046 a,b | 1.023 ± 0.053 b |
56 | 1.090 ± 0.038 a | 1.088 ± 0.008 a | 1.027 ± 0.065 a | 0.876 ± 0.029 b | 0.885 ± 0.041 b | 0.889 ± 0.050 b |
Variable Factor | Corg | Ntot | C:N | Stot |
---|---|---|---|---|
Petrol (P) | 37.02 | 54.64 | 37.07 | 3.46 |
Fyre-Zyme Dose (FZ) | 25.78 | 16.09 | 14.87 | 8.41 |
Day of Experiment (D) | 12.46 | 0.43 | 13.57 | 7.72 |
P × FZ | 9.02 | 9.96 | 16.42 | 6.17 |
P × D | 9.55 | 5.58 | 0.34 | 34.09 |
FZ × D | 1.24 | 1.97 | 2.45 | 12.87 |
P × FZ × D | 4.32 | 10.58 | 13.04 | 26.12 |
Error | 0.60 | 0.75 | 2.23 | 1.17 |
Day | DHA (mg TPF kg−1 DM h−1) | ALP (mg p-NP kg−1 DM h−1) | ACP (mg p-NP kg−1 DM h−1) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.69 ± 0.04 a | 67.20 ± 6.65 c | 188.24 ± 10.21 a |
7 | 1.71 ± 0.06 a | 139.94 ± 10.64 a | 177.31 ± 8.30 b |
14 | 1.66 ± 0.15 a | 81.08 ± 5.89 b | 180.45 ± 6.83 a,b |
21 | 1.77 ± 0.07 a | 73.48 ± 6.76 b,c | 177.76 ± 2.91 b |
28 | 1.71 ± 0.02 a | 71.49 ± 3.55 b,c | 183.53 ± 11.79 a,b |
56 | 1.79 ± 0.08 a | 67.06 ± 3.98 c | 180.56 ± 2.18 b |
Day | Uncontaminated Soil | Soil Contaminated with Petrol | ||||
1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 | 1 × 40 | 2 × 20 | 4 × 10 | |
Dehydrogenases (DHA) | ||||||
1 | 0.918 ± 0.043 b,c | 0.967 ± 0.041 a,b | 1.051 ± 0.039 a | 0.839 ± 0.045 c | 0.978 ± 0.036 a,b | 0.876 ± 0.013 b,c |
7 | 0.806 ± 0.052 b | 0.936 ± 0.034 a,b | 0.990 ± 0.068 a | 0.929 ± 0.056 a,b | 1.052 ± 0.045 a | 1.002 ± 0.055 a |
14 | 0.951 ± 0.089 a | 1.005 ± 0.059 a | 1.041 ± 0.098 a | 0.916 ± 0.029 a | 1.020 ± 0.032 a | 1.002 ± 0.051 a |
21 | 0.926 ± 0.044 b | 0.984 ± 0.020 a,b | 1.010 ± 0.012 a | 0.805 ± 0.018 c | 0.954 ± 0.022 a,b | 0.905 ± 0.041 b |
28 | 0.951 ± 0.013 a | 1.004 ± 0.009 a | 1.039 ± 0.037 a | 0.909 ± 0.069 a | 1.039 ± 0.053 a | 1.021 ± 0.079 a |
56 | 0.997 ± 0.042 a | 0.987 ± 0.026 a | 0.926 ± 0.086 a | 0.935 ± 0.046 a | 1.013 ± 0.006 a | 1.040 ± 0.033 a |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | ||||||
1 | 0.960 ± 0.091 a | 1.072 ± 0.102 a | 0.829 ± 0.081 a | 1.069 ± 0.103 a | 1.108 ± 0.066 a | 1.315 ± 0.114 a |
7 | 0.811 ± 0.076 a | 1.112 ± 0.109 a | 0.984 ± 0.038 a | 0.963 ± 0.093 a | 1.093 ± 0.099 a | 1.024 ± 0.087 a |
14 | 1.106 ± 0.101 b | 1.262 ± 0.114 b | 1.073 ± 0.098 b | 0.951 ± 0.056 b | 1.665 ± 0.124 a | 1.728 ± 0.132 a |
21 | 0.682 ± 0.056 c | 0.821 ± 0.078 b,c | 0.829 ± 0.081 b,c | 1.440 ± 0.129 a,b,c | 2.013 ± 0.187 a | 1.507 ± 0.091 a,b |
28 | 1.109 ± 0.059 a | 1.085 ± 0.104 a | 1.109 ± 0.102 a | 1.174 ± 0.027 a | 1.193 ± 0.041 a | 1.279 ± 0.061 a |
56 | 1.239 ± 0.106 a,b | 1.487 ± 0.123 a | 1.302 ± 0.107 a,b | 1.021 ± 0.023 b | 1.303 ± 0.099 a,b | 1.215 ± 0.111 a,b |
Acid Phosphatase (ACP) | ||||||
1 | 0.674 ± 0.032 c | 0.992 ± 0.068 a,b | 1.137 ± 0.067 a | 0.683 ± 0.053 c | 0.973 ± 0.010 b | 1.057 ± 0.067 a,b |
7 | 0.607 ± 0.045 d | 1.014 ± 0.087 b | 1.178 ± 0.026 b | 0.812 ± 0.044 c | 1.118 ± 0.059 b | 1.352 ± 0.047 a |
14 | 0.742 ± 0.072 d | 0.958 ± 0.038 c | 1.142 ± 0.026 b | 0.836 ± 0.076 c,d | 1.321 ± 0.086 a | 1.371 ± 0.066 a |
21 | 0.809 ± 0.032 e | 1.052 ± 0.021 c,d | 1.193 ± 0.032 a,b | 0.945 ± 0.041 d | 1.103 ± 0.075 b,c | 1.241 ± 0.036 a |
28 | 0.928 ± 0.089 a | 0.982 ± 0.039 a | 1.071 ± 0.102 a | 0.991 ± 0.046 a | 1.108 ± 0.076 a | 1.086 ± 0.026 a |
56 | 1.004 ± 0.028 a | 1.014 ± 0.018 a | 1.032 ± 0.044 a | 1.018 ± 0.046 a | 1.002 ± 0.039 a | 1.035 ± 0.075 a |
Variable Factor | ACP | ALP | DHA |
---|---|---|---|
Petrol (P) | 41.76 | 38.73 | 79.97 |
Fyre-Zyme Dose (FZ) | 42.22 | 6.10 | 13.13 |
Day of Experiment (D) | 7.07 | 42.16 | 2.05 |
P × FZ | 1.79 | 2.51 | 1.94 |
P × D | 3.43 | 7.95 | 1.27 |
FZ × D | 3.23 | 1.04 | 0.50 |
P × FZ × D | 0.40 | 1.17 | 0.89 |
Error | 0.11 | 0.34 | 0.25 |
Application of Fyre-Zyme | Cut-Off Value | AUC | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acid phosphatase (ACP) | ||||
1 × 40 | 0.863 | 0.673 | 0.091 | 0.058 |
2 × 20 | 1.054 | 0.762 | 0.081 | 0.001 |
4 × 10 | 1.275 | 0.617 | 0.098 | 0.233 |
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) | ||||
1 × 40 | 0.941 | 0.644 | 0.093 | 0.121 |
2 × 20 | 1.130 | 0.704 | 0.057 | 0.019 |
4 × 10 | 1.214 | 0.872 | 0.069 | 0.001 |
Dehydrogenases (DHA) | ||||
1 × 40 | 0.807 | 0.387 | 0.096 | 0.241 |
2 × 20 | 1.015 | 0.685 | 0.089 | 0.038 |
4 × 10 | 0.877 | 0.389 | 0.096 | 0.247 |
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Curyło, K.; Telesiński, A.; Jarnuszewski, G.; Krzyśko-Łupicka, T.; Cybulska, K. Analysis of Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Petrol-Contaminated Soil after Biostimulation with an Enzyme Reagent. Processes 2020, 8, 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080949
Curyło K, Telesiński A, Jarnuszewski G, Krzyśko-Łupicka T, Cybulska K. Analysis of Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Petrol-Contaminated Soil after Biostimulation with an Enzyme Reagent. Processes. 2020; 8(8):949. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080949
Chicago/Turabian StyleCuryło, Kornel, Arkadiusz Telesiński, Grzegorz Jarnuszewski, Teresa Krzyśko-Łupicka, and Krystyna Cybulska. 2020. "Analysis of Chemical and Biochemical Parameters of Petrol-Contaminated Soil after Biostimulation with an Enzyme Reagent" Processes 8, no. 8: 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080949