Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Improved Design for Profiled Freezing-tube of FSPR
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Scaled Model Test and Process
2.1. Scaling Laws
2.2. Design of Model and Improvement of Profiled Freezing-tube
2.3. Design of Monitoring System
2.4. Test Process
3. Test results and Discussion
3.1. Vertical and Horizontal Measurement Points
3.2. Circumferential Points around The Hollow Pipe
4. Numerical Simulation and Discussion
4.1. Model Establishment and Verification of Test Results
4.2. Freezing Temperature Field Simulation Results Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
References
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Components | Prototype Dimension (mm) | Model Dimension (mm) |
---|---|---|
Concrete pipe & hollow pipe (Diameter) | 1600 | 160 |
Main freezing-tube (Diameter) | 80 | 8 |
Profiled freezing-tube (Equilateral angle steel) | 125125 | 12.512.5 |
Limiting-tube (Diameter) | 80 | 8 |
Parameter | Prototype Velocity Parameter (Single Tube) | Model Velocity Parameter (Single Tube) |
---|---|---|
Tube diameter (mm) | 80 | 8 |
Rate of flow (m3/h) | 5 | 0.5 |
Velocity of flow (m/min) | 16.58 | 165.8 |
Test Soil | Saturated Moisture (%) | Density (g·cm−3) | Thermal Capacity (kJ·kg−1·°C−1) | Thermal Conductivity (W·m−1·K−1) | Freezing Temperature (°C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ρ | ρd | |||||
Saturated sand | 40.29 | 1.435 | 1.317 | 1.372 | 1.475 | −0.5 |
Testing Time | Environment Average Temperature (°C) | Average Temperature of Saltwater in Freezing Tube (°C) | Average Temperature of hot Saltwater in Limiting-Tube (°C) | Initial Average Temperature of the Soil (°C) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Centerline of the Pipes | Vertical Axis of the Hollow Pipe | Horizontal Axis of the Hollow Pipe | ||||
3:30 pm, Apr.30 | 26 | −25 | 9 | 20.2 | 18.7 | 18.4 |
Measurement Point | t21 (°C) |
Δt21 (°C) | t42 (°C) |
Δt24 (°C) | V1 (°C/h) | V2 (°C/h) | Time of Temperature Below Freezing Point (h) | Δh (h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m2 | −0.6 | −4.4 | −1.6 | −2.1 | −0.97 | −0.05 | 21 | −9 |
m2* | −5 | −3.7 | −1.30 | 0.06 | 12 | |||
m6 | −0.7 | −3.1 | −1.4 | −1.7 | −1.03 | −0.03 | 21 | −7 |
m6* | −3.8 | −3.1 | −1.21 | 0.03 | 14 |
Measurement Point | t21 (°C) |
Δt21 (°C) | t42 (°C) |
Δt24 (°C) | V1 (°C/h) | V2 (°C/h) | Time of Temperature Below Freezing Point (h) | Δh (h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
v2 | 0.5 | −5.3 | −2.3 | −4.4 | −0.85 | −0.13 | 26 | −14 |
v2* | −4.8 | −6.7 | −1.14 | −0.09 | 12 | |||
v6 | 1.3 | −4.0 | −1.3 | −3.4 | −0.79 | −0.12 | 33 | −17 |
v6* | −2.7 | −4.7 | −1.06 | −0.10 | 16 |
Measurement Point | t21 (°C) |
Δt21 (°C) | t42 (°C) |
Δt24 (°C) | V1 (°C/h) | V2 (°C/h) | Time of Temperature Below Freezing Point (h) | Δh (h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
h2 | −1.2 | −3 | −4.2 | −2.6 | −1.00 | −0.14 | 19 | −9 |
h2* | −4.2 | −6.8 | −1.13 | −0.12 | 10 | |||
h3 | 4.7 | −3.4 | 0.7 | −2.9 | −0.7 | −0.19 | — | — |
h3* | 1.3 | −2.2 | −0.97 | −0.16 | 30 |
Materials | Density (kg·m-3) | Thermal Capacity (J·kg-1·K) | Thermal Conductivity (W·m-1·K-1) | Freezing Point (°C) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | ρ | ρsat | unfrozen | frozen | unfrozen | frozen | −0.5 |
1435 | 2055.1 | 1372 | 1071 | 1.475 | 1.795 | ||
Concrete | 2450 | 920 | 1.95 | - | |||
Steel pipe | 7850 | 318 | 60 | - | |||
Cement mortar | 1900 | 840 | 1.28 | - | |||
Air | 1.29 | 1005 | 0.02 | - |
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Duan, Y.; Rong, C.; Cheng, H.; Cai, H.; Wang, Z.; Yao, Z. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Improved Design for Profiled Freezing-tube of FSPR. Processes 2020, 8, 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080992
Duan Y, Rong C, Cheng H, Cai H, Wang Z, Yao Z. Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Improved Design for Profiled Freezing-tube of FSPR. Processes. 2020; 8(8):992. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080992
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuan, Yin, Chuanxin Rong, Hua Cheng, Haibing Cai, Zongjin Wang, and Zhishu Yao. 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Improved Design for Profiled Freezing-tube of FSPR" Processes 8, no. 8: 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8080992