Metal Accumulation Profile of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don and Celosia argentea L. with EDTA Co-Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Growth of Seedlings
2.2. Selection and Acclimatization of Uniform Seedlings
2.3. Treatment Plan and Experimental Conditions
2.4. Plant Harvesting
2.5. Plant Analysis
2.5.1. Plant Physiological Parameters
2.5.2. Measurement of Metal Content in Different Plant Parts
2.6. Translocation Factor
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physiological Parameters of C. roseus and C. argentea
3.2. Plant Biomass
3.3. Metal Uptake in C. roseus and C. argentea
3.4. Translocation Factor, Bioaccumulation Coefficient, and Bioconcentration Factor for Different MCs in C. roseus and C. argentea
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catharanthus roseus | Celosia argentea | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Root Length (cm) | Shoot Length (cm) | Total Leaves Plant−1 | Leaf Area (cm2) | Root Length (cm) | Shoot Length (cm) | Total Leaves Plant−1 | Leaf Area (cm2) | |
Control 1 | 5.2 ± 1.2 b12, bc3, c4, b5 | 7.6 ± 1.6 b1, a1345 | 11.7 ± 1.2 c1, ab1, b3, a4 | 1.92 ± 0.32 b124, a3, ab5 | 45.7 ± 1.7 a12345 | 15.0 ± 0.6 a12345 | 19.7 ± 0.7 a12345 | 20.14 ± 0.48 bc1, b23, a4 |
Control + EDTA 1 | 4.9 ± 0.4 b125, c34 | 6.7 ± 0.3 bc1, b1345 | 8.0 ± 0.0 d1, b25, c34 | 1.44 ± 0.02 c1, b25, bc34 | 7.7 ± 0.6 d124, b3, c5 | 8.1 ± 0.8 c123, bc4, b5 | 13.0 ± 0.0 b12345 | 3.08 ± 0.48 d15, c234 |
Ni 50 | 16.8 ± 1.4 a | 8.8 ± 0.5 a | 20.0 ± 0.0 a | 2.71 ± 0.23 a | 35.5 ± 1.9 b | 12.4 ± 0.9 a | 14.3 ± 1.3 b | 68.47 ± 3.20 a |
Ni 100 | 15.9 ± 2.1 a | 8.1 ± 0.5 a | 16.7 ± 0.3 b | 2.30 ± 0.17 ab | 50.1 ± 1.4 a | 11.3 ± 1.9 b | 13.3 ± 2.0 b | 36.66 ± 1.70 b |
Ni 50 + EDTA | 4.9 ± 0.2 b | 4.5 ± 0.7 c | 9.3 ± 0.7 c | 1.04 ± 0.11 d | 6.9 ± 0.3 c | 6.9 ± 1.8 c | 9.7 ± 0.9 c | 1.43 ± 0.24 d |
Ni 100 + EDTA | 4.9 ± 0.2 b | 5.4 ± 0.1 c | 10.7 ± 0.9 c | 1.28 ± 0.17 c | 6.1 ± 0.2 c | 4.9 ± 1.4 d | 9.0 ± 0.0 c | 1.29 ± 0.18 d |
Cr 50 | 14.6 ± 1.8 a | 7.4 ± 1.1 a | 10.7 ± 0.3 b | 2.30 ± 0.33 a | 43.1 ± 1.6 a | 13.1 ± 0.5 a | 17.7 ± 1.4 a | 50.00 ± 3.41 a |
Cr 100 | 11.7 ± 0.7 a | 6.1 ± 0.5 b | 11.0 ± 0.0 ab | 0.70 ± 0.03 d | 35.1 ± 2.3 b | 10.8 ± 0.8 ab | 15.0 ± 1.1 ab | 8.23 ± 1.22 bc |
Cr 50 + EDTA | 3.2 ± 0.5 b | 3.9 ± 0.8 d | 9.7 ± 0.9 b | 0.55 ± 0.02 d | 6.9 ± 0.7 c | 6.0 ± 0.6 c | 11.0 ± 0.6 b | 7.59 ± 0.20 b |
Cr 100 + EDTA | 4.5 ± 0.1 b | 5.2 ± 0.1 c | 13.0 ± 0.6 a | 0.81 ± 0.07 c | 6.4 ± 0.4 c | 5.3 ± 0.7 d | 11.7 ± 0.7 b | 2.06 ± 0.43 c |
Cd 50 | 8.4 ± 1.2 a | 7.1 ± 0.7 a | 9.3 ± 0.3 bc | 1.63 ± 0.10 b | 6.0 ± 0.6 b | 9.2 ± 0.3 b | 12.3 ± 0.3 b | 27.25 ± 1.08 a |
Cd 100 | 6.4 ± 0.6 b | 6.7 ± 0.1 b | 12.3 ± 0.9 a | 1.62 ± 0.08 b | 5.4 ± 0.4 c | 6.8 ± 0.3 c | 13.0 ± 1.528 b | 0.95 ± 0.45 d |
Cd 50 + EDTA | 4.9 ± 0.4 c | 5.5 ± 1.0 c | 13.0 ± 1.1 a | 1.30 ± 0.15 c | 7.0 ± 0.4 b | 6.6 ± 0.7 c | 12.0 ± 1.1 b | 4.27 ± 0.26 c |
Cd 100 + EDTA | 3.2 ± 0.5 c | 4.5 ± 0.4 c | 10.0 ± 0.6 b | 0.89 ± 0.10 d | 6.1 ± 0.1 b | 5.5 ± 0.3 c | 10.3 ± 0.7 b | 4.30 ± 0.98 c |
Pb 50 | 15.3 ± 1.8 a | 8.1 ± 0.8 a | 12.0 ± 1.1 a | 2.83 ± 0.44 a | 40.5 ± 2.6 a | 9.2 ± 0.4 b | 12.3 ± 1.2 b | 11.20 ± 1.00 b |
Pb 100 | 7.7 ± 0.2 b | 6.5 ± 0.5 b | 12.3 ± 0.9 a | 1.88 ± 0.31 b | 37.3 ± 1.5 b | 11.8 ± 1.1 b | 15.0 ± 1.1 b | 9.29 ± 1.19 b |
Pb 50 + EDTA | 5.4 ± 0.3 c | 5.3 ± 0.4 c | 9.0 ± 0.6 b | 1.01 ± 0.07 c | 15.0 ± 0.5 c | 7.2 ± 0.6 bc | 12.7 ± 0.9 b | 5.13 ± 0.16 bc |
Pb 100 + EDTA | 4.8 ± 0.1 c | 5.3 ± 0.4 c | 7.7 ± 0.9 c | 1.34 ± 0.42 bc | 10.7 ± 0.3 c | 5.4 ± 0.6 c | 10.3 ± 0.9 b | 2.60 ± 0.06 c |
Cu 50 | 8.4 ± 1.0 a | 5.6 ± 0.6 c | 9.0 ± 0.6 b | 1.08 ± 0.06 c | 6.1 ± 0.5 c | 8.1 ± 1.0 b | 11.3 ± 0.9 b | 2.16 ± 0.17 b |
Cu 100 | 4.2 ± 0.4 b | 4.1 ± 0.1 d | 10.0 ± 0.6 a | 2.47 ± 0.18 a | 7.1 ± 0.6 c | 6.4 ± 0.7 c | 9.0 ± 0.6 c | 1.92 ± 0.05 d |
Cu 50 + EDTA | 4.3 ± 0.6 b | 4.5 ± 0.4 d | 10.0 ± 1.5 a | 1.73 ± 0.12 b | 15.9 ± 2.0 b | 6.8 ± 1.3 c | 14.3 ± 0.3 ab | 5.54 ± 0.42 c |
Cu 100 + EDTA | 2.6 ± 0.4 c | 4.7 ± 0.1 d | 9.3 ± 1.3 b | 0.85 ± 0.09 c | 17.1 ± 0.1 b | 7.3 ± 0.2 bc | 11.0 ± 0.6 b | 3.87 ± 0.63 cd |
Root Fresh Weight (g) | Root Dried Weight (g) | Root Fresh to Dried Weight Ratio | Stem Fresh Weight (g) | Stem Dried Weight (g) | Stem Fresh To Dried Weight Ratio | Leaf Fresh Weight (g) | Leaf Dried Weight (g) | Leaf Fresh to Dried Weight Ratio | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control 1 | 0.041 ± 0.001 a12345 | 0.022 ± 0.001 a12345 | 1.86 ± 0.01 b1234, d5 | 0.048 ± 0.005 b1, a2354 | 0.027 ± 0.001 a12345 | 1.78 ± 0.12 b1235, d3 | 0.289 ± 0.004 a12345 | 0.038 ± 0.006 b1, a2345 | 7.60 ± 0.31 a12345 |
Control + EDTA 1 | 0.035 ± 0.003 ab1245, b3 | 0.018 ± 0.003 a12, b345 | 2.00 ± 0.30 a1234, c5 | 0.032 ± 0.006 c12, b345 | 0.018 ± 0.001 b12345 | 1.78 ± 0.13 b1235, d3 | 0.190 ± 0.008 b12345 | 0.025 ± 0.004 c1, b2345 | 7.60 ± 0.21 a12345 |
Ni 50 | 0.041 ± 0.008 a | 0.020 ± 0.004 a | 2.05 ± 0.06 a | 0.041 ± 0.005 b | 0.020 ± 0.004 b | 2.05 ± 0.04 a | 0.207 ± 0.031 ab | 0.050 ± 0.004 a | 4.14 ± 0.16 b |
Ni 100 | 0.030 ± 0.002 b | 0.020 ± 0.001 a | 1.47 ± 0.05 c | 0.051 ± 0.006 a | 0.026 ± 0.002 a | 1.96 ± 0.13 a | 0.158 ± 0.024 c | 0.033 ± 0.001 b | 4.78 ± 0.12 b |
Ni 50 + EDTA | 0.032 ± 0.005 b | 0.016 ± 0.002 ab | 1.99 ± 0.29 a | 0.044 ± 0.001 b | 0.024 ± 0.003 ab | 1.83 ± 0.18 a | 0.049 ± 0.010 d | 0.019 ± 0.000 d | 2.57 ± 0.18 c |
Ni 100 + EDTA | 0.030 ± 0.006 b | 0.014 ± 0.001 b | 2.18 ± 0.36 a | 0.056 ± 0.031 a | 0.027 ± 0.001 a | 2.07 ± 0.06 a | 0.046 ± 0.018 cd | 0.018 ± 0.006 c | 2.50 ± 0.11 d |
Cr 50 | 0.025 ± 0.005 b | 0.019 ± 0.006 a | 1.31 ± 0.21 b | 0.035 ± 0.009 bc | 0.018 ± 0.005 b | 1.94 ± 0.05 a | 0.230 ± 0.012 b | 0.044 ± 0.014 a | 5.22 ± 0.39 b |
Cr 100 | 0.019 ± 0.005 c | 0.014 ± 0.005 b | 1.35 ± 0.16 b | 0.031 ± 0.008 c | 0.018 ± 0.003 b | 1.73 ± 0.05 b | 0.141 ± 0.028 bc | 0.025 ± 0.006 b | 5.64 ± 0.20 b |
Cr 50 + EDTA | 0.038 ± 0.015 ab | 0.020 ± 0.005 a | 1.89 ± 0.06 b | 0.035 ± 0.004 bc | 0.026 ± 0.004 a | 1.34 ± 0.05 c | 0.060 ± 0.010 c | 0.027 ± 0.001 b | 2.22 ± 0.16 c |
Cr 100 + EDTA | 0.036 ± 0.019 ab | 0.018 ± 0.006 ab | 2.01 ± 0.32 a | 0.039 ± 0.011 b | 0.026 ± 0.010 a | 1.50 ± 0.19 b | 0.058 ± 0.009 c | 0.026 ± 0.003 b | 2.23 ± 0.33 c |
Cd 50 | 0.037 ± 0.009 ab | 0.020 ± 0.008 a | 1.86 ± 0.30 b | 0.038 ± 0.010 b | 0.015 ± 0.008 bc | 2.53 ± 0.11 a | 0.100 ± 0.014 c | 0.036 ± 0.014 a | 2.77 ± 1.14 b |
Cd 100 | 0.025 ± 0.006 c | 0.019 ± 0.006 ab | 1.31 ± 0.02 c | 0.037 ± 0.005 b | 0.014 ± 0.001 c | 2.64 ± 0.10 b | 0.098 ± 0.013 c | 0.035 ± 0.003 a | 2.80 ± 0.21 b |
Cd 50 + EDTA | 0.023 ± 0.004 c | 0.018 ± 0.006 ab | 1.21 ± 0.05 c | 0.028 ± 0.007 c | 0.013 ± 0.001 c | 2.15 ± 0.13 c | 0.060 ± 0.008 d | 0.028 ± 0.011 b | 2.14 ± 0.11 b |
Cd 100 + EDTA | 0.018 ± 0.002 d | 0.011 ± 0.004 c | 1.63 ± 0.01 bc | 0.025 ± 0.007 c | 0.016 ± 0.005 bc | 1.56 ± 0.09 d | 0.035 ± 0.000 e | 0.017 ± 0.002 c | 2.06 ± 0.41 b |
Pb 50 | 0.030 ± 0.003 b | 0.023 ± 0.002 a | 1.30 ± 0.02 c | 0.034 ± 0.003 b | 0.026 ± 0.001 a | 1.30 ± 0.13 a | 0.130 ± 0.012 c | 0.039 ± 0.001 a | 3.33 ± 0.05 b |
Pb 100 | 0.027 ± 0.002 c | 0.019 ± 0.002 a | 1.46 ± 0.05 c | 0.028 ± 0.016 c | 0.020 ± 0.001 b | 1.40 ± 0.07 c | 0.104 ± 0.020 d | 0.034 ± 0.005 a | 3.06 ± 0.12 bc |
Pb 50 + EDTA | 0.021 ± 0.001 c | 0.016 ± 0.002 ab | 1.32 ± 0.12 c | 0.030 ± 0.004 bc | 0.019 ± 0.002 b | 1.56 ± 0.10 c | 0.074 ± 0.013 de | 0.025 ± 0.019 b | 2.96 ± 0.18 c |
Pb 100 + EDTA | 0.020 ± 0.003 c | 0.013 ± 0.001 c | 1.54 ± 0.03 bc | 0.020 ± 0.083 d | 0.013 ± 0.003 c | 1.53 ± 0.03 c | 0.056 ± 0.016 e | 0.022 ± 0.002 b | 2.54 ± 0.01 c |
Cu 50 | 0.035 ± 0.029 b | 0.014 ± 0.011 b | 2.50 ± 0.29 b | 0.026 ± 0.004 c | 0.015 ± 0.003 b | 1.73 ± 0.17 b | 0.052 ± 0.005 c | 0.022 ± 0.004 b | 2.36 ± 0.04 b |
Cu 100 | 0.025 ± 0.007 c | 0.010 ± 0.006 bc | 2.50 ± 0.28 b | 0.026 ± 0.001 c | 0.014 ± 0.001 b | 1.85 ± 0.10 b | 0.042 ± 0.004 c | 0.019 ± 0.005 c | 2.21 ± 0.02 b |
Cu 50 + EDTA | 0.028 ± 0.006 c | 0.008 ± 0.005 c | 3.50 ± 0.52 a | 0.014 ± 0.006 d | 0.005 ± 0.002 c | 2.80 ± 0.20 a | 0.034 ± 0.004 d | 0.014 ± 0.001 c | 2.42 ± 0.03 b |
Cu 100 + EDTA | 0.023 ± 0.020 c | 0.007 ± 0.020 c | 3.28 ± 0.12 a | 0.013 ± 0.005 d | 0.006 ± 0.003 c | 2.16 ± 0.22 a | 0.019 ± 0.002 e | 0.010 ± 0.002 d | 1.90 ± 0.05 c |
Root Fresh Weight (g) | Root Dried Weight (g) | Root Fresh to Dried Weight Ratio | Stem Fresh Weight (g) | Stem Dried Weight (g) | Stem Fresh to Dried Weight Ratio | Leaf Fresh Weight (g) | Leaf Dried Weight (g) | Leaf Fresh to Dried Weight Ratio | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control 1 | 2.634 ± 0.500 a12345 | 0.713 ± 0.024 a12345 | 3.65 ± 0.58 c13, b2, a3, d5 | 0.820 ± 0.113 b12, a35, bc4 | 0.043 ± 0.004 b125, a3, c4 | 19.32 ± 2.67 b12, a35, ab4 | 1.042 ± 0.002 c14, b2, a35 | 0.071 ± 0.000 bc1, b25, a3, d4 | 14.69 ± 0.02 b12, a345 |
Control + EDTA 1 | 0.224 ± 0.073 c123, d4, b5 | 0.076 ± 0.04 a12, b345 | 3.86 ± 1.06 c13, b2, a3, d5 | 0.688 ± 0.073 b125, a3, c4 | 0.038 ± 0.005 c14, b25, a3 | 18.40 ± 0.74 b12, a35, ab4 | 1.127 ± 0.024 c14, b2, a35 | 0.070 ± 0.001 bc1, b25, a3, d4 | 16.07 ± 0.24 b12, a34, a5 |
Ni 50 | 1.290 ± 0.046 b | 0.075 ± 0.005 a | 17.31 ± 0.51 a | 3.150 ± 0.191 a | 0.150 ± 0.026 a | 22.01 ± 2.72 a | 3.293 ± 0.014 a | 0.117 ± 0.013 b | 28.37 ± 2.60 a |
Ni 100 | 0.331 ± 0.020 c | 0.059 ± 0.008 b | 5.72 ± 0.41 bc | 0.425 ± 0.026 b | 0.022 ± 0.002 c | 19.35 ± 0.45 b | 1.185 ± 0.179 c | 0.117 ± 0.041 b | 11.82 ± 4.19 c |
Ni 50 + EDTA | 0.152 ± 0.007 c | 0.021 ± 0.001 c | 7.40 ± 0.30 b | 0.189 ± 0.013 c | 0.058 ± 0.003 b | 3.26 ± 0.04 c | 2.210 ± 0.248 b | 0.156 ± 0.010 a | 14.00 ± 0.73 c |
Ni 100 + EDTA | 0.154 ± 0.026 c | 0.024 ± 0.004 c | 6.38 ± 0.02 b | 0.212 ± 0.042 c | 0.065 ± 0.015 b | 3.34 ± 0.16 c | 0.131 ± 0.007 d | 0.052 ± 0.007 c | 2.60 ± 0.25 d |
Cr 50 | 0.598 ± 0.138 b | 0.082 ± 0.003 a | 7.22 ± 1.45 a | 2.458 ± 0.161 a | 0.133 ± 0.018 a | 18.80 ± 1.30 b | 0.105 ± 0.021 c | 0.031 ± 0.007 c | 3.42 ± 0.26 c |
Cr 100 | 0.302 ± 0.097 bc | 0.040 ± 0.019 b | 8.67 ± 1.26 s | 0.549 ± 0.012 c | 0.036 ± 0.001 b | 15.11 ± 0.10 c | 0.275 ± 0.056 c | 0.065 ± 0.013 b | 4.24 ± 0.08 c |
Cr 50 + EDTA | 0.145 ± 0.009 cd | 0.037 ± 0.007 b | 4.09 ± 0.59 b | 0.479 ± 0.125 c | 0.019 ± 0.003 c | 24.41 ± 3.40 a | 3.193 ± 0.170 a | 0.154 ± 0.010 a | 20.70 ± 0.17 a |
Cr 100 + EDTA | 0.083 ± 0.040 d | 0.031 ± 0.011 b | 2.95 ± 1.54 c | 0.417 ± 0.035 c | 0.038 ± 0.009 c | 11.79 ± 1.76 c | 0.925 ± 0.214 b | 0.054 ± 0.012 c | 17.24 ± 0.49 b |
Cd 50 | 0.128 ± 0.007 b | 0.046 ± 0.009 c | 2.97 ± 0.54 b | 0.194 ± 0.016 b | 0.018 ± 0.002 c | 10.94 ± 0.27 b | 0.216 ± 0.049 c | 0.017 ± 0.002 c | 12.24 ± 1.39 b |
Cd 100 | 0.085 ± 0.009 c | 0.073 ± 0.008 b | 1.16 ± 0.02 c | 0.197 ± 0.007 b | 0.023 ± 0.004 c | 9.15 ± 1.12 b | 0.251 ± 0.024 c | 0.068 ± 0.010 a | 3.71 ± 0.16 c |
Cd 50 + EDTA | 0.115 ± 0.032 b | 0.042 ± 0.009 c | 2.63 ± 0.23 b | 0.065 ± 0.003 c | 0.015 ± 0.001 c | 4.44 ± 0.19 c | 0.077 ± 0.003 b | 0.057 ± 0.009 b | 1.36 ± 0.29 c |
Cd 100 + EDTA | 0.065 ± 0.003 c | 0.037 ± 0.003 c | 1.78 ± 0.08 c | 0.190 ± 0.017 b | 0.012 ± 0.002 d | 16.95 ± 1.75 ab | 0.075 ± 0.002 b | 0.063 ± 0.001 a | 1.18 ± 0.01 c |
Pb 50 | 1.247 ± 0.009 b | 0.061 ± 0.001 c | 20.54 ± 0.28 a | 1.450 ± 0.308 b | 0.061 ± 0.013 b | 24.03 ± 0.15 a | 2.089 ± 0.030 b | 0.129 ± 0.000 b | 16.24 ± 0.22 a |
Pb 100 | 0.532 ± 0.017 c | 0.029 ± 0.002 d | 18.69 ± 1.03 b | 2.013 ± 0.342 a | 0.097 ± 0.012 a | 20.56 ± 0.91 a | 3.380 ± 0.456 a | 0.221 ± 0.029 a | 15.29 ± 0.09 a |
Pb 50 + EDTA | 0.498 ± 0.059 c | 0.025 ± 0.004 d | 20.45 ± 0.97 a | 0.685 ± 0.005 c | 0.041 ± 0.000 c | 16.73 ± 0.19 b | 1.228 ± 0.022 c | 0.095 ± 0.002 c | 12.94 ± 0.06 ab |
Pb 100 + EDTA | 0.181 ± 0.026 d | 0.012 ± 0.001 d | 15.20 ± 0.56 b | 0.307 ± 0.006 d | 0.016 ± 0.003 d | 20.27 ± 3.64 a | 0.428 ± 0.011 d | 0.037 ± 0.001 d | 11.63 ± 0.34 b |
Cu 50 | 0.024 ± 0.009 c | 0.004 ± 0.001 d | 5.88 ± 0.28 c | 0.431 ± 0.031 c | 0.052 ± 0.001 a | 8.23 ± 0.41 b | 0.308 ± 0.005 c | 0.041 ± 0.003 c | 7.61 ± 0.37 d |
Cu 100 | 0.018 ± 0.003 c | 0.005 ± 0.001 d | 3.51 ± 0.14 d | 0.136 ± 0.007 d | 0.016 ± 0.002 c | 8.58 ± 0.73 b | 0.299 ± 0.020 c | 0.045 ± 0.004 c | 6.73 ± 0.24 d |
Cu 50 + EDTA | 0.658 ± 0.056 b | 0.034 ± 0.004 c | 19.29 ± 0.63 a | 0.867 ± 0.076 a | 0.050 ± 0.004 a | 17.16 ± 0.26 a | 1.341 ± 0.147 a | 0.104 ± 0.009 a | 12.86 ± 0.40 b |
Cu 100 + EDTA | 0.233 ± 0.076 b | 0.015 ± 0.004 d | 15.09 ± 1.18 b | 0.521 ± 0.004 bc | 0.031 ± 0.001 bc | 16.88 ± 0.22 a | 0.524 ± 0.044 b | 0.055 ± 0.005 c | 9.51 ± 0.144 c |
C. roseus | C. argentea | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Stem | Roots | Leaves | Stem | Roots | |
Ni 50 | 4.194 ± 0.335 | 2.067 ± 0.413 | 4.602 ± 0.748 | 8.817 ± 0.990 * | 12.338 ± 2.138 * | 14.856 ± 0.990 * |
Ni 100 | 4.386 ± 0.133 * | 3.862 ± 0.297 * | 9.535 ± 0.281 * | 8.734 ± 1.972 * | 4.753 ± 0.432 | 14.551 ± 1.972 * |
Ni 50 + EDTA | 2.720 ± 0.010 | 2.632 ± 0.328 | 4.878 ± 0.505 | 5.084 ± 0.218 | 6.427 ± 0.332 | 4.593 ± 0.218 |
Ni 100 + EDTA | 4.639 ± 0.546 * | 4.650 ± 0.172 * | 9.287 ± 0.429 * | 8.435 ± 1.217 | 11.707 ± 2.701 * | 7.307 ± 1.217 |
Cr 50 | 3.942 ± 1.254 | 3.075 ± 0.854 | 10.607 ± 1.562 | 3.004 ± 1.158 | 19.721 ± 2.669 * | 31.654 ± 1.158 * |
Cr 100 | 4.576 ± 1.098 | 6.638 ± 1.106 | 13.392 ± 2.759 | 7.091 ± 0.467 | 9.591 ± 0.266 | 17.826 ± 5.467 |
Cr 50 + EDTA | 3.753 ± 0.139 | 7.024 ± 1.080 | 14.125 ± 2.045 | 29.203 ± 3.620 * | 4.500 ± 0.710 | 19.136 ± 3.620 |
Cr 100 + EDTA | 6.356 ± 1.177 * | 10.280 ± 2.95 * | 20.156 ± 3.839 * | 16.121 ± 2.977 | 14.812 ± 3.508 | 22.481 ± 3.977 |
Cd 50 | 5.024 ± 1.953 | 2.024 ± 1.079 | 13.875 ± 2.196 | 3.422 ± 0.147 | 7.559 ± 0.839 | 31.419 ± 6.147 |
Cd 100 | 11.315 ± 0.969 * | 4.722 ± 0.337 * | 19.298 ± 3.963 * | 26.893 ± 3.935 | 14.682 ± 2.553 * | 63.286 ± 6.935 * |
Cd 50 + EDTA | 4.001 ± 0.572 | 0.502 ± 0.093 | 4.444 ± 1.089 | 16.222 ± 3.471 | 6.812 ± 0.454 | 30.200 ± 6.471 |
Cd 100 + EDTA | 3.346 ± 0.394 | 1.959 ± 0.212 | 7.598 ± 1.277 | 53.164 ± 4.384 * | 13.611 ± 2.268 * | 54.073 ± 7.384 * |
Pb 50 | 5.647 ± 1.448 | 7.415 ± 0.285 | 9.807 ± 0.859 | 18.072 ± 0.739 | 24.340 ± 5.187 | 45.128 ± 2.739 * |
Pb 100 | 15.984 ± 2.351 | 14.196 ± 0.709 * | 19.943 ± 2.359 * | 55.179 ± 3.043 * | 54.171 ± 6.701 * | 44.136 ± 3.043 * |
Pb 50 + EDTA | 8.780 ± 0.702 | 10.365 ± 1.091 | 11.543 ± 1.793 | 16.877 ± 3.321 | 29.632 ± 3.200 | 20.754 ± 3.320 |
Pb 100 + EDTA | 21.142 ± 5.529 * | 13.734 ± 1.694 * | 19.543 ± 2.017 * | 21.092 ± 2.067 | 17.519 ± 3.284 | 24.804 ± 2.067 |
Cu 50 | 1.612 ± 0.525 | 1.887 ± 0.377 | 6.961 ± 1.194 * | 1.193 ± 0.099 | 3.624 ± 0.069 | 0.399 ± 0.099 |
Cu 100 | 2.130 ± 0.681 * | 2.951 ± 0.167 * | 6.940 ± 0.280 * | 4.779 ± 0.424 | 3.085 ± 0.385 | 2.124 ± 0.424 |
Cu 50 + EDTA | 1.366 ± 0.021 | 1.705 ± 0.682 | 4.676 ± 0.193 | 7.343 ± 0.612 | 6.660 ± 0.533 | 5.209 ± 0.612 |
Cu 100 + EDTA | 1.213 ± 0.006 | 3.126 ± 0.613 * | 5.373 ± 1.179 | 12.163 ± 2.458 * | 11.477 ± 1.370 * | 9.218 ± 2.458 * |
C. roseus | C. argentea | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Translocation Factor | Bioaccumulation Coefficient | Bioconcentration Factor | Translocation Factor | Bioaccumulation Coefficient | Bioconcentration Factor | |
Ni 50 | 0.814 ± 0.314 | 0.064 ± 0.003 | 0.078 ± 0.008 | 0.796 ± 0.104 | 0.054 ± 0.003 | 0.067 ± 0.010 |
Ni 100 | 0.590 ± 0.207 | 0.048 ± 0.001 | 0.081 ± 0.006 | 1.629 ± 0.131 * | 0.068 ± 0.005 * | 0.042 ± 0.002 |
Ni 50 + EDTA | 0.829 ± 0.187 * | 0.086 ± 0.008 * | 0.104 ± 0.005 * | 0.656 ± 0.128 | 0.049 ± 0.002 | 0.075 ± 0.002 * |
Ni 100 + EDTA | 0.826 ± 0.166 * | 0.073 ± 0.007 | 0.089 ± 0.000 | 1.124 ± 0.196 | 0.058 ± 0.001 | 0.052 ± 0.011 |
Cr 50 | 0.466 ± 0.060 | 0.100 ± 0.005 | 0.215 ± 0.003 | 0.635 ± 0.160 | 0.094 ± 0.005 | 0.148 ± 0.003 |
Cr 100 | 0.577 ± 0.204 * | 0.106 ± 0.014 | 0.184 ± 0.015 | 0.843 ± 0.111 | 0.072 ± 0.003 | 0.086 ± 0.004 |
Cr 50 + EDTA | 0.579 ± 0.019 * | 0.157 ± 0.009 * | 0.272 ± 0.007 * | 0.825 ± 0.069 | 0.164 ± 0.010 * | 0.199 ± 0.005 * |
Cr 100 + EDTA | 0.571 ± 0.071 * | 0.123 ± 0.038 | 0.215 ± 0.004 | 0.949 ± 0.081 * | 0.132 ± 0.019 | 0.139 ± 0.002 |
Cd 50 | 0.396 ± 0.174 | 0.049 ± 0.004 | 0.123 ± 0.015 * | 0.910 ± 0.298 | 0.111 ± 0.008 | 0.122 ± 0.001 |
Cd 100 | 0.650 ± 0.261 | 0.059 ± 0.003 * | 0.090 ± 0.009 | 1.193 ± 0.524 | 0.092 ± 0.008 | 0.077 ± 0.003 |
Cd 50 + EDTA | 0.735 ± 0.099 * | 0.032 ± 0.004 | 0.044 ± 0.003 | 1.027 ± 0.222 | 0.131 ± 0.012 | 0.128 ± 0.010 * |
Cd 100 + EDTA | 0.462 ± 0.094 | 0.028 ± 0.003 | 0.061 ± 0.000 | 1.354 ± 0.142 * | 0.176 ± 0.005 * | 0.130 ± 0.005 * |
Pb 50 | 1.008 ± 0.487 | 0.042 ± 0.005 | 0.041 ± 0.003 | 0.729 ± 0.271 | 0.052 ± 0.003 | 0.071 ± 0.001 |
Pb 100 | 1.124 ± 0.090 | 0.057 ± 0.007 | 0.051 ± 0.000 | 0.531 ± 0.253 | 0.039 ± 0.001 | 0.073 ± 0.001 |
Pb 50 + EDTA | 1.243 ± 0.209 | 0.087 ± 0.006 | 0.070 ± 0.003 | 1.085 ± 0.580 * | 0.087 ± 0.003 * | 0.080 ± 0.006 |
Pb 100 + EDTA | 1.342 ± 0.198 * | 0.097 ± 0.008 * | 0.073 ± 0.001 * | 0.806 ± 0.277 | 0.089 ± 0.006 * | 0.100 ± 0.003 * |
Cu 50 | 0.400 ± 0.058 | 0.063 ± 0.004 | 0.156 ± 0.004 | 0.991 ± 0.153 | 0.031 ± 0.004 | 0.031 ± 0.003 |
Cu 100 | 0.456 ± 0.200 | 0.044 ± 0.003 | 0.097 ± 0.014 | 0.704 ± 0.345 | 0.047 ± 0.002 | 0.067 ± 0.005 |
Cu 50 + EDTA | 0.750 ± 0.227 * | 0.138 ± 0.017 * | 0.184 ± 0.032 * | 1.330 ± 0.114 * | 0.064 ± 0.003 | 0.048 ± 0.003 |
Cu 100 + EDTA | 0.859 ± 0.077 * | 0.104 ± 0.006 | 0.121 ± 0.003 | 0.962 ± 0.247 | 0.093 ± 0.001 * | 0.097 ± 0.003 * |
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Qurban, M.; Mirza, C.R.; Khan, A.H.A.; Khalifa, W.; Boukendakdji, M.; Achour, B.; Yousaf, S.; Nawaz, I.; Butt, T.A.; Iqbal, M. Metal Accumulation Profile of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don and Celosia argentea L. with EDTA Co-Application. Processes 2021, 9, 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040598
Qurban M, Mirza CR, Khan AHA, Khalifa W, Boukendakdji M, Achour B, Yousaf S, Nawaz I, Butt TA, Iqbal M. Metal Accumulation Profile of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don and Celosia argentea L. with EDTA Co-Application. Processes. 2021; 9(4):598. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040598
Chicago/Turabian StyleQurban, Muneeba, Cyrus Raza Mirza, Aqib Hassan Ali Khan, Walid Khalifa, Mustapha Boukendakdji, Belkacem Achour, Sohail Yousaf, Ismat Nawaz, Tayyab Ashfaq Butt, and Mazhar Iqbal. 2021. "Metal Accumulation Profile of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don and Celosia argentea L. with EDTA Co-Application" Processes 9, no. 4: 598. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040598