Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus against Various Cancers
2.1. Breast Cancer
2.1.1. In Vitro Studies
2.1.2. In Vivo Studies
2.2. Liver Cancer
2.2.1. In Vitro Studies
2.2.2. In Vivo Studies
2.3. Colon Cancer
2.3.1. In Vitro Studies
2.3.2. In Vivo Studies
2.4. Prostate Cancer
In Vitro Studies
2.5. Cervical Cancer
In Vitro Studies
2.6. Nasopharyngeal Cancer
In Vitro Studies
2.7. Lung Cancer
In Vitro Studies
3. Toxicology Studies
3.1. In Vitro Studies
3.2. In Vivo Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scientific Name & Common Name | Extracts | Therapeutic Effects |
---|---|---|
Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) | Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) | Anti-obesity and anti-hyperuricemia, anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-infective, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer [11,12,13,14,15]. |
Curcuma longa (Turmeric) | Curcumin | Anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant [8,16,17,18]. |
Echinacea spp. (Coneflower) | Echinaforce | Anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammation [19,20]. |
Garcinia spp. (Brindleberry, Kudam Puli) | Gambogic Acid (GA) | Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer [21,22,23]. |
Panax ginseng (Asian Ginseng) | Ginsenosides | Anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer [24,25,26,27]. |
Salvia miltiorrhiza (Red Sage, Danshen) | Tanshinones | Anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-atherosclerotic activities, cardiovascular protection [28,29,30,31]. |
Tripterygium wilfordii (Thunder God Vine) | Triptolide | Anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer [32,33,34]. |
Part of S. crispus | Phytochemicals | References |
---|---|---|
Leaf | Proximate Analysis (%) Crude Fibre: 13.9 ± 0.6 Protein Content: 13.3 ± 0.9 Total Carbohydrate: 4.3 ± 0.7 Minerals (mg/100 g sample) Potassium: 10,900 ± 498 Calcium: 5185 ± 359 Sodium: 2953 ± 60 Iron: 255 ± 163 Phosphorus: 201 ± 22 Vitamins (%) Ascorbic Acid (C): 9.8 ± 1.2 Thiamin (B1): 0.14 ± 0.001 Riboflavin (B2): 0.11 ± 0.04 Other components (%) Alkaloid: 3.2 ± 0.60 Catechin: 1.18 ± 0.08 Tannin: 1.0 ± 0.30 | Maznah et al. [43] |
Leaf | Flavonoid Content (%): 3.98 Contents of Flavonoid (mg/g) Kampferol: 19.45 Luteolin: 12.52 Rutin: 8.47 (+)-Catechin: 4.83 (–)-Epicatechin: 4.55 Myricetin: 4.10 Apigenin: 3.75 Naringenin: 3.63 | Liza et al. [53] |
Leaf | Contents of Phenolic Acids Caffeic acid Ferulic acid Gentisic acid p-caumeric acid p-hydroxybenzoic acid Syringic acid Vanilic acid Ester glycoside: Verbascoside | Soediro et al. [54] |
Leaf | Methanol extract Hexadecanoic acid, methylester: 12.11% 3-octadedecyne: 9.25% Stigmasterol: 7.89% α-sitosterol: 7.08% Phytol: 3.78% Lupeol: 3.60% 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol: 3.48% And others Aqueous extract Nitrous Oxide: 21.44% Cyclobutanol: 13.56% Monoethanolamine: 5.53% n-propylacetate: 5.38% hydrazine carboxamide: 3.32% 3,5-dithiahexanol 5,5-dioxide: 3.09% And others | Muslim et al. [44] |
Leaf | 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-:26.21% Squalene:26.11% Stigmasterol:10.93% Vitamin E: 9.75% γ-sitosterol: 6.70% Campesterol: 3.57% And others | Cheong et al. [55] |
Stem | Lupeol: 25.58% 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-: 14.41% Stigmasterol: 13.23% γ-sitosterol: 8.47% Campesterol: 4.85% Vitamin E: 3.18% And others | |
Root | β-amyrin: 49.26% Heneicosane: 5.55% Stigmasterol: 5.30% Eicosane: 2.87% 9-Octadecenamide, (Z)-: 1.75% Squalene: 1.04% Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 0.16% | |
Callus | β-humulene: 26.22% 4,22-Stigmastadiene-3-one: 9.08% Stigmast-4-en-3-one: 5.56% 2-methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol: 2.03% Stigmasterol: 1.86% Cis,cis,cis-7,10,13-hexadecatriena: 1.82% And others |
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Ng, M.G.; Ng, C.H.; Ng, K.Y.; Chye, S.M.; Ling, A.P.K.; Koh, R.Y. Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus: A Review. Processes 2021, 9, 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081370
Ng MG, Ng CH, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus: A Review. Processes. 2021; 9(8):1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081370
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Ming Guan, Chew Hee Ng, Khuen Yen Ng, Soi Moi Chye, Anna Pick Kiong Ling, and Rhun Yian Koh. 2021. "Anticancer Properties of Strobilanthes crispus: A Review" Processes 9, no. 8: 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9081370