Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of an Urban River in an Unplanned Zone of the Amazonian Coast
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Methods
3.1. Rainfall Data
3.2. Field Survey
3.3. Laboratory Procedures
3.4. Unplanned Occupation
3.5. Sewage Production per Capita
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Rainfall Levels
4.2. Hydrological Variables
4.3. Microbiological Analysis
4.4. Trophic State Index (TSI)
4.5. Unplanned Occupation
4.6. Integration of the Water Quality Indicators
5. Discussion
5.1. Natural Conditions, Anthropogenic Activities, and Management Concerns
5.2. Application of the DPSWR, Management Actions, and Recommendations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Interannual (N = 36) | Seasonal (N = 42) | Spatial (N = 42) |
---|---|---|---|
Rainfall | t = 2.36 p = 0.015 | F = 8.051 ** p = 0.000 | --- |
Ph | t = −4.73 p = 0.000 | F = 0.30 ** p = 0.589 | F = 1.13 * p = 0.360 |
Turbidity | t = 1.60 p = 0.063 | F = 4.72 ** p = 0.040 | F = 9.34 ** p = 0.000 |
Dissolved oxygen | t = 4.59 p = 0.001 | F = 22.75 * p = 0.000 | F = 10.54 ** p = 0.000 |
Chlorophyll-a | t = 2.68 p = 0.008 | F = 4.37 ** p = 0.043 | F = 0.93 * p = 0.471 |
Coliforms | t = 1.32 p = 0.102 | F = 1.79 * p = 0.188 | --- |
Effluents | t = 5.17 p = 0.000 | --- | --- |
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Pereira, L.C.C.; Sousa, N.d.S.d.S.; Silva, B.R.P.d.; Costa, A.L.B.d.; Cavalcante, F.R.B.; Rodrigues, L.M.d.S.; Costa, R.M.d. Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of an Urban River in an Unplanned Zone of the Amazonian Coast. Limnol. Rev. 2023, 23, 108-125. https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020007
Pereira LCC, Sousa NdSdS, Silva BRPd, Costa ALBd, Cavalcante FRB, Rodrigues LMdS, Costa RMd. Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of an Urban River in an Unplanned Zone of the Amazonian Coast. Limnological Review. 2023; 23(2):108-125. https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020007
Chicago/Turabian StylePereira, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro, Natália do Socorro da Silva Sousa, Brenda Ribeiro Padilha da Silva, Ana Lucia Biondo da Costa, Francielle Raquel Baltazar Cavalcante, Laiane Maria dos Santos Rodrigues, and Rauquírio Marinho da Costa. 2023. "Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on the Water Quality of an Urban River in an Unplanned Zone of the Amazonian Coast" Limnological Review 23, no. 2: 108-125. https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020007