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Photonics
Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/photonics11121180
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Article

Cycloplegia Improves the Inter-Optometrist Repeatability of Subjective Refraction

by
Carlos Carpena-Torres
,
Maria Rodríguez-Lafora
,
Cristina Pastrana
,
Ana Privado-Aroco
,
María Serramito
,
Laura Batres
and
Gonzalo Carracedo
*
Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121180
Submission received: 28 October 2024 / Revised: 5 December 2024 / Accepted: 11 December 2024 / Published: 16 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Visual Optics)
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Abstract

Background: Since accommodation may be a source of error affecting the inter-optometrist repeatability of subjective refraction, this study investigated whether the use of cycloplegia could improve this repeatability. Methods: A randomized cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 young hyperopes (18.2 ± 7.7 years, range 6 to 31 years). Subjective refraction was performed by two different optometrists in two measurement sessions: one day without cycloplegia and, on a different day, with cycloplegia, in random order. The inter-optometrist repeatability of all refractive variables (M, J0, and J45) was analyzed, selecting one eye randomly, in terms of the 95% confidence interval of repeatability (r). Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the optometrists for any refractive variable, both with and without cycloplegia (p ≥ 0.05). Furthermore, no correlation was found between participants’ age and the refractive differences between optometrists under both cycloplegic conditions (p ≥ 0.05). However, the use of cycloplegia improved the inter-optometrist repeatability of M (r = 0.37 D) compared to the non-cycloplegic measurements (r = 0.62 D). Conclusions: These results suggest that accommodation in young hyperopes is likely a primary source of error that could explain the discrepancies in subjective refraction between optometrists.
Keywords: repeatability; agreement; subjective refraction; cycloplegia; cyclopentolate; tropicamide repeatability; agreement; subjective refraction; cycloplegia; cyclopentolate; tropicamide

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MDPI and ACS Style

Carpena-Torres, C.; Rodríguez-Lafora, M.; Pastrana, C.; Privado-Aroco, A.; Serramito, M.; Batres, L.; Carracedo, G. Cycloplegia Improves the Inter-Optometrist Repeatability of Subjective Refraction. Photonics 2024, 11, 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121180

AMA Style

Carpena-Torres C, Rodríguez-Lafora M, Pastrana C, Privado-Aroco A, Serramito M, Batres L, Carracedo G. Cycloplegia Improves the Inter-Optometrist Repeatability of Subjective Refraction. Photonics. 2024; 11(12):1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121180

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carpena-Torres, Carlos, Maria Rodríguez-Lafora, Cristina Pastrana, Ana Privado-Aroco, María Serramito, Laura Batres, and Gonzalo Carracedo. 2024. "Cycloplegia Improves the Inter-Optometrist Repeatability of Subjective Refraction" Photonics 11, no. 12: 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121180

APA Style

Carpena-Torres, C., Rodríguez-Lafora, M., Pastrana, C., Privado-Aroco, A., Serramito, M., Batres, L., & Carracedo, G. (2024). Cycloplegia Improves the Inter-Optometrist Repeatability of Subjective Refraction. Photonics, 11(12), 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121180

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