Infrared Light Annealing Effect on Pressure Sensor Fabrication Using Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Preparation of the Gr/PVDF Nanocomposites
2.2. Preparation of the Sensor Test Fixture
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Gr/PVDF Nanocomposite
3.2. Raman Spectroscopy
3.3. Sensor Performance and Testing
3.4. Temperature Effect on Pressure Sensor Sensitivity of Gr/PVDF Nanocomposite
3.5. Temperature Dependence on Electrical Conductivity
3.6. Mechanical Properties of the Gr/PVDF Nanocomposite
3.7. Hysteresis in a Gr/PVDF Nanocomposite
4. Challenges and Future Research Efforts of Gr/PVDF Nanocomposite
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composites | Fabrication Methods | Applications | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Graphene/PVDF | Mixing technique with different co-solvent mixtures (acetone, THF, water, and EtOH) | Piezoelectric nanogenerator composite films | [16] |
Electrospun PVDF/Graphene Membrane | Solution mixing technique | Humidity sensor | [17] |
PVDF/Reduced Graphene Oxides (rGO) composite | Hydrothermal method and simple mixing technique | Flexible pressure sensors (improved sensitivity by 333.46% at 5 kPa, compared with individual PVDF composite rGO-titania TNL) | [18] |
PVDF/Graphene | Prepared by gelation-induced crystallization of PVDF/cyclohexanone by varying the temperature and mixing time | Compressible sensors for sports and wearable electronics | [19] |
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/graphene | Gelation method | Water-repellent catalyst-supporting materials | [20] |
GO-PVDF | Non-solvent-induced phase separation method | Nerve tissue engineering | [21] |
(PVDF) with zero-dimensional super fullerene (SF), one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNT), and two-dimensional graphene sheets (GS) | Solution mixing followed by hot pressing | Advanced thermal management | [22] |
Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride | solution-phase mixing technique and dip-coating method | Knittle pressure sensor | [6] |
Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride | solution-phase mixing technique | Accelerometer for detection of low vibrations and airflow sensor | [10,23] |
Material | Youngs Modulus | Electrical Conductivity | Activation Energy (Ea) | Pressure Sensitivity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphene | 1000 ± 100 GPa | 104–106 S/cm | – | – | [42,43] |
PVDF | 2.5–3.2 GPa | 10–11–10–8 S/cm | – | – | [44,45] |
As-deposited Gr/PVDF | 10.2 GPa | 1.23 S/cm | 0.03 eV/K | 0.047 | (This work) |
2 min IR-annealed Gr/PVDF | 27.1 GPa | 2.48 S/cm | 0.14 eV/K | 0.072 | (This work) |
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Samoei, V.K.; Takeda, K.; Sano, K.; Bharadwaz, A.; Jayasuriya, A.C.; Jayatissa, A.H. Infrared Light Annealing Effect on Pressure Sensor Fabrication Using Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite. Inorganics 2024, 12, 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12080228
Samoei VK, Takeda K, Sano K, Bharadwaz A, Jayasuriya AC, Jayatissa AH. Infrared Light Annealing Effect on Pressure Sensor Fabrication Using Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite. Inorganics. 2024; 12(8):228. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12080228
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamoei, Victor K., Katsuhiko Takeda, Keiichiro Sano, Angshuman Bharadwaz, Ambalangodage C. Jayasuriya, and Ahalapitiya H. Jayatissa. 2024. "Infrared Light Annealing Effect on Pressure Sensor Fabrication Using Graphene/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite" Inorganics 12, no. 8: 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12080228