Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. CBCT Measurements
- CTI(S): superior CT mandibular index (the ratio of the inferior cortical width to the distance from the superior margin of the mental foramen to the inferior mandibular border);
- CTI(I): inferior CT mandibular index (the ratio of the inferior cortical width to the distance from the inferior margin of the mental foramen to the inferior mandibular border);
- CTMI: CT mental index (the inferior mandibular cortical width).
2.2. Bone Mineral Density Measurements
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
- CTMI showed the highest correlation with the femoral neck T-score (r = 0.551, p < 0.0001).
- CTI(S) and CTI(I) also displayed significant correlations with T-scores and BMD measurements across various sites (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.322 to 0.522 (p < 0.0001).
- TBS scores were also moderately correlated with CBCT indices, with CTMI having a correlation coefficient of 0.431 (p < 0.0001).
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Value |
---|---|
CTI(S) | W/S |
CTI(I) | W/I |
CTMI | W |
Parameter | T score ≤ −2.5 * | T score ≥ −2.5 * |
---|---|---|
Number | 45 | 59 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.47 ± 4.91 | 27.66 ± 8.38 |
Age at menopause (years) | 47.18 ± 4.49 | 47.43 ± 5.73 |
Femoral neck T score (SD) | −2.06 ± 0.66 | −1.15 ± 0.85 |
Total hip T score (SD) | −1.67 ± 0.78 | −0.6 ± 1.04 |
Lumbar T score (L1-L4) (SD) | −3.12 ± 0.69 | −1.3 ± 0.92 |
Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.727 ± 0.082 | 0.852 ± 0.11 |
Total hip BMD (L1-L4) (g/cm2) | 0.713 ± 0.366 | 0.941 ± 0.132 |
Lumbar BMD (g/cm2) | 0.805 ± 0.088 | 1.018 ± 0.012 |
TBS score (g/cm2) | 1207 ± 181 | 1313 ± 100.9 |
CBCT Parameter | Lumbar T-Score > −2.5 SD (n = 62) | Lumbar T-Score ≤ −2.5 SD (n = 42) | Femoral Neck T-Score > −2.5 SD (n = 85) | Femoral Neck T-Score ≤ −2.5 SD (n = 14) | Low Bone Quality (TBS ≤ 1.23, n = 21) | Intermediate Bone Quality (TBS > 1.23 and <1.31, n = 32) | Normal Bone Quality (TBS ≥ 1.31, n = 33) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTMI | 2.74 ± 0.80 | 2.43 ± 0.83 | 2.72 ± 0.74 | 1.84 ± 0.68 | 2.12 ± 0.61 | 2.42 ± 0.84 | 3.04 ± 0.69 | p < 0.0001 |
CTI(I) | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.17 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | p < 0.0001 |
CTI(S) | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | 0.16 ± 0.05 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | p < 0.0001 |
Parameters for Correlations † | CTMI | CTI(S) | CTI(I) |
---|---|---|---|
Lumbar T score * | 0.429, p < 0.0001 | 0.387, p < 0.0001 | 0.364, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 0.551, p < 0.0001 | 0.465, p < 0.0001 | 0.481, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip T score * | 0.470, p < 0.0001 | 0.440, p < 0.0001 | 0.451, p < 0.0001 |
TBS score * | 0.431, p < 0.0001 | 0.421, p < 0.0001 | 0.351, p < 0.0001 |
TBS quality assessment *** | 0.454, p < 0.0001 | 0.379, p < 0.0001 | 0.423, p < 0.001 |
Lumbar BMD ** | 0.359, p < 0.0001 | 0.355, p < 0.0001 | 0.322, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck BMD ** | 0.522, p < 0.0001 | 0.443, p < 0.0001 | 0.446, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip BMD ** | 0.509, p < 0.0001 | 0.445, p < 0.0001 | 0.460, p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T-score ≤ −2.5 SD | −0.387, p < 0.0001 | −0.296, p = 0.003 | −0.349, p < 0.0001 |
Pearson’s Correlation † | CTMI, (n = 104) | CTI(S), (n = 104) | CTI(I), (n = 103) |
---|---|---|---|
Lumbar T score * | 0.429, p < 0.0001 | 0.387, p < 0.0001 | 0.364, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 0.551, p < 0.0001 | 0.465, p < 0.0001 | 0.481, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip T score * | 0.470, p < 0.0001 | 0.440, p < 0.0001 | 0.451, p < 0.0001 |
TBS score * | 0.431, p < 0.0001 | 0.421, p < 0.0001 | 0.351, p < 0.001 |
TBS quality assessment *** | 0.454, p < 0.0001 | 0.423, p < 0.0001 | 0.379 p < 0.0001 |
Lumbar BMD ** | 0.359, p < 0.0001 | 0.355, p < 0.0001 | 0.322, p < 0.001 |
Femoral neck BMD ** | 0.522, p < 0.0001 | 0.443, p < 0.0001 | 0.523, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip BMD ** | 0.509, p < 0.0001 | 0.445, p < 0.0001 | 0.481, p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T score ≤ −2.5 SD | −0.185, p = 0.06 | −0.176, p = 0.073 | −0.675, p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 SD | −0.387, p < 0.0001 | −0.296, p < 0.0001 | −0.349, p < 0.0001 |
Spearman’s rho | CTMI | CTI-S | CTI-I |
Lumbar T score * | 0.439, p < 0.0001 | 0.386, p < 0.0001 | 0.380, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 0.541, p < 0.0001 | 0.439, p < 0.0001 | 0.468, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip T score * | 0.476, p < 0.0001 | 0.435, p < 0.0001 | 0.449, p < 0.0001 |
TBS score * | 0.464, p < 0.0001 | 0.460, p < 0.0001 | 0.413, p < 0.0001 |
TBS quality assessment *** | 0.456, p < 0.0001 | 0.448, p < 0.0001 | 0.419, p < 0.0001 |
Lumbar BMD ** | 0.397, p < 0.0001 | 0.371, p < 0.0001 | 0.363, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck BMD ** | 0.493, p < 0.0001 | 0.393, p < 0.0001 | 0.416, p < 0.0001 |
Total hip BMD ** | 0.518, p < 0.0001 | 0.450, p < 0.0001 | 0.473, p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T score ≤ −2.5 SD | −0.224, p = 0.022 | −0.212, p = 0.031 | −0.225, p = 0.022 |
Osteoporosis defined as femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 SD | −0.379, p < 0.0001 | −0.284, p < 0.0001 | −0.328, p < 0.0001 |
Parameters | Variable | Regression Value | Constant of the Model | Model’s Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lumbar T score * | CTMI | 0.70, p < 0.0001 | −3.76, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.18, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 0.46, p < 0.0001 | −3.26, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.3, p < 0.0001 | |
Total hip T score * | 0.336, p < 0.0001 | −2.99, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.22, p < 0.0001 | |
TBS score * | 0.00033, p < 0.0001 | −0.0167 p = 0.09 | R2 = 0.18, p < 0.0001 | |
Lumbar T score * | CTI(S) | 1.56, p < 0.0001 | −2.00, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.15, p < 0.001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 2.61, p < 0.0001 | −2.09, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.21, p < 0.0001 | |
Total hip T score * | 9.18, p < 0.0001 | −2.57, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.194, p < 0.0001 | |
TBS score * | 0.0021, p < 0.0001 | −0.01, p = 0.113 | R2 = 0.177, p < 0.0001 | |
Lumbar T score * | CTI(I) | 6.97, p < 0.0001 | −3.52, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.13, p < 0.0001 |
Femoral neck T score * | 6.63, p < 0.0001 | −2.99, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.23, p < 0.0001 | |
Total hip T score * | 7.3, p < 0.0001 | −2.67, p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.20, p < 0.0001 | |
TBS score * | 0.53, p = 0.001 | 1.163 p < 0.0001 | R2 = 0.112, p < 0.0001 |
Parameters | Variable | Odds Ratio | Model’s Sig. |
---|---|---|---|
TBS quality assessment *** | CTMI | 1.137, 95% CI (1.058, 1.222) | p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.953, 95% CI (0.906, 1.003) | p = 0.063 | |
Osteoporosis defined as femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.834, 95% CI (0.752, 0.924) | p < 0.001 | |
Osteoporosis based on AACE criteria ** | 0.891, 95% CI (0.837, 0.948) | p < 0.0001 | |
TBS quality assessment *** | CTI(S) | 1.20, 95% CI (1.081, 1.333) | p < 0.0001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.934, 95% CI (0.866–1.007) | p = 0.076 | |
Osteoporosis defined as femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.836, 95% CI (0.737, 0.949) | p = 0.006 | |
Osteoporosis based on AACE criteria ** | 0.868, 95% CI (0.796, 0.946) | p < 0.001 | |
TBS quality assessment *** | CTI(I) | 1.137, 95% CI (1.051, 1.230) | p < 0.001 |
Osteoporosis defined as lumbar T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.946, 95% CI (0.892, 1.003) | p = 0.063 | |
Osteoporosis defined as femoral neck T score ≤ −2.5 SD | 0.847, 95% CI (0.765, 0.938) | p < 0.0001 | |
Osteoporosis based on AACE criteria ** | 0.906 95% CI (0.849, 0.967) | p < 0.0001 |
Area under the Curve | 95% CI | Sensitivity | Specificity | Cut off Point (mm) | Model Significance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comparison between individuals based on T score * | ||||||
CTI(S) | 0.697 | 0.588–0.806 | 65.5% | 27.5% | 1.75 | p < 0.001 |
CTI(I) | 0.709 | 0.602–0.817 | 63.8% | 27.5% | 2.35 | p < 0.0001 |
CTMI | 0.733 | 0.629–0.836 | 67.2% | 27.5% | 2.75 | p < 0.0001 |
Comparison between individuals based on TBS * | ||||||
CTI(S) | 0.744 | 0.636–0.852 | 90.9% | 43.8% | 1.55 | p < 0.0001 |
CTI(I) | 0.734 | 0.628–0.844 | 90.9% | 41.7% | 2.15 | p < 0.0001 |
CTMI | 0.743 | 0.634–0.852 | 84.8% | 33.3% | 2.70 | p < 0.0001 |
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Poiană, I.R.; Burcea, I.F.; Pițuru, S.-M.; Bucur, A. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality. Dent. J. 2024, 12, 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080256
Poiană IR, Burcea IF, Pițuru S-M, Bucur A. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality. Dentistry Journal. 2024; 12(8):256. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080256
Chicago/Turabian StylePoiană, Ioana Ruxandra, Iulia Florentina Burcea, Silviu-Mirel Pițuru, and Alexandru Bucur. 2024. "Cone Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Mandibular Indices in the Screening of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: Correlations with Bone Quantity and Quality" Dentistry Journal 12, no. 8: 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080256