Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Objectives
2. Results
2.1. Study Selection
2.2. Study Characteristics
2.3. Risk of Bias within Studies
2.4. Results of Individual Studies
2.5. Synthesis of Results
2.6. Risk of Bias Across Studies
2.7. Additional Analysis
3. Discussion
3.1. Summary of Evidence
3.2. Limitations
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Protocol and Registration
4.2. Eligibility Criteria
- VELscope® diagnostic tool study
- VELscope® Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) or Clinical Trial (CT)
- Human studies
- Patients involving systemic or syndromic diseases
- Declared a conflict of interest
- Not enough information about VELscope®
- Animal studies
- Older than 10 years studies
- Not accessible title or abstract
4.3. Information Sources
4.4. Search
4.5. Study Selection
- Last 10 years
- English language studies
- Humans
- Full text
4.6. Data Collection Process
4.7. Items
- Authors (years)—Author name and year of publication
- VELscope® investigation—VELscope® use and compared group
- Oral Pathology—Information about clinical condition and examined sample
- Results—Synthesis of results
- Statistical analysis—Significant or not results
- Sample size—study analyzed sample size
4.8. Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
4.9. Summary Measures
4.10. Additional Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Authors (Year) | VELscope Investigation | Oral Pathology | Results | Statistical Analysis | Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farah et al. (2018) [19] | Differences between white light and autofluorescence on oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) detected margins. | Oral epithelial dysplasia, oral lichen planus, oral lichenoid dysplasia | Autofluorescence determined margins are safer | 11 | |
Canjau et al. (2018) [20] | Conventional oral examination vs. visual fluorescence evaluation with VELscope® | Malignant lesions and premalignant lesions | Fluorescence examination cannot replace histopathology, but it may add sensitivity to the conventional examination | 18 | |
Amirchagmaghi et al. (2018) [21] | Fluorescence evaluation in patients with oral lesions | Dysplasia and oral carcinoma | This method is not capable to distinguish malignant from benign lesions. | 45 | |
Yamamoto et al. (2017) [22] | Detection accuracy of VELscope on epithelial dysplasia of the tongue | Leukoplakia with and without dysplasia | Autofluorescence visualization could be an auxiliary method for diagnosis | Luminance ration on malignant lesion: p < 0.0001 | 79 |
Huang et al. (2017) [23] | White light vs. VELscope® method | Oral cancer, precancerous lesions | Fluorescence examination could be used to differentiate oral cancer and precancerous lesions from normal mucosa. | 140 | |
Ganga et al. (2017) [24] | Conventional Oral examination vs. VELscope method | Fluorescence examination could not provide a definitive diagnosis | 76% of specificity and sensitivity | 200 | |
Cicciù et al. (2017) [25] | Tissue fluorescence imaging vs. conventional oral examination or biopsy | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | The main criticism of autofluorescence on performing a diagnosis of cancer was the impossibility of discriminating high-risk from low-risk lesions, but it could be a quick and noninvasive method. | 1 | |
Burian et al. (2017) [26] | Tissue fluorescence examination VELscope® | Oral soft tissue lesions or carcinoma in situ | VELscope® could help clinicians and help to define biopsy margins | Sensitivity of VELscope p = 0.007 | 90 |
Scheer et al. (2016) [27] | Tissue fluorescence examination VELscope® | Oral squamous cell carcinomas | VELscope® reveals no additional information to analysis | Sensitivity and specificity were 33.3% and 88.6% | 41 |
Ohnishi et al. (2016) [28] | Tissue fluorescence examination VELscope® | Carcinoma in situ | Fluorescence examination could represent a simple, cost-effective screening. | Sensitivity 95% and specificity 100% | 17 |
Nagi et al. (2016) [29] | Chemoluminescence and tissue autofluorescence in detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and OPMD | OSCC and OPMD | Chemoluminescence and autofluorescence are simple and not invasive tests. | Sensitivity range 22% to 100% and specificity 16% to 100% | Review |
Kordbacheh et al. (2016) [30] | Molecular pathways associated with fluorescence properties of OPMD | OSCC, Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), Oral lichen planus (OLP), Oral epithelial hyperplasia (OEH) | Uncovering these molecular mechanisms could provide a reduction in false positive or negative findings with VELscope® | 42 | |
Rashid et Warnakulasuriya (2015) [31] | Chemoluminescence vs. tissue autofluorescence in detection of OPMD | OPMD | VELscope® may detect erythematous lesions or benign inflammations as a false positive | Review | |
Jane-Salas et al. (2015) [32] | Conventional oral examination vs. Autofluorescence technique VELscope® | Oral lesions | No clinical benefits were obtained using the VELscope® system | Not significant results | 60 |
Elvers et al. (2015) [33] | Photo examination vs. autofluorescence examination VELscope® | OPMD | This technique enables clinicians to measure the extent of lesions beyond visible margins | 20 | |
Hanken et al. (2013) [34] | Early detection with VELscope® | OPMD | VELscope® is a simple noninvasive way to find OPMD | Sensitivity 22% specificity 8.4% | 120 |
Rana et al. (2012) [35] | Autofluorescence examination vs. white light examination | OPMD | VELscope® is a useful new diagnostic device for the detection of oral cancer diseases. | Sensitivity 100% specificity 74% | 289 |
McNamara et al. [36] | COE vs. Fluorescence examination VELscope® | OPMD | Biopsy does not confirm VELscope diagnosis | Scalpel biopsy vs. VELscope® p = 0.0001 | 42 |
Farah et al. (2012) [37] | Tissue autofluorescence VELscope® in oral mucosa lesions detection | OPMD | VELscope® cannot provide a definitive diagnosis alone | Sensitivity 30% Specificity 63% | 112 |
Scheer et al. (2011) [38] | Autofluorescence evaluation VELscope® | OPMD, OSCC, squamous intraepithelial neoplasia | VELscope® can assist the clinician during the identification of OPMD, but it does not help in discriminating benign or malignant conditions | Sensitivity 100%, specificity 80% | 64 |
Matsumoto (2011) [39] | Autofluorescence evaluation VELscope® | OSCC, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia lesions, mild dysplasia lesions and lichen planus. | VELscope® could be a valuable tool in an early detection of potentially malignant and malignant lesions in oral mucosa. | 74 | |
Lopez-Jornet et al. (2011) [40] | Autofluorescence evaluation VELscope® | Oral cancer | This device needed a conventional oral examination too | Sensitivity 98% to 100% Specificity 94% to 100% | Review |
Fricain (2011) [41] | Autofluorescence evaluation VELscope® vs. spectroscopy | OPMD | Histological examination remains the gold standard of OPMD diagnosis, VELscope® could only support clinicians | Sensibility 78% to 100% Specificity 75% to 100% | Review |
Awan et al. (2011) [42] | Autofluorescence vs. COE and oral biopsy | Oral leukoplakia, oral erythoplakia, oral lichen planus, hyperplastic candidiasis, rest frictional keratosis, oral sub-mucous fibrosis | VELscope® is not able to discriminate high or low risk lesions, but it can diagnose mucosal disorders | Sensibility 84.1% Specificity 15.3% | 126 |
Mehrotra et al. (2010) [43] | Autofluorescence techniques VELscope® vs. chemoluminescence ViziLite | OPMD | VELscope could provide a false negative | Sensitivity 50% Specificity 38.9% | 102 |
1342 Patient’s Data | Sensitivity or Sensibility | Specificity |
---|---|---|
VELscope® range | 22% to 100% | 8.4% to 100% |
VELscope® weighted average | 70.19% | 65.95% |
VELscope® | Oral leukoplakia, oral erythoplakia, oral lichen planus, hyperplastic candidiasis, rest frictional keratosis, oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia lesions, mild dysplasia lesion, squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, oral carcinoma in situ |
Authors (Year) | Risk of Bias | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unclear | Low | Moderate | High | |
Farah et al. (2018) [19] | x | |||
Canjau et al. (2018) [20] | x | |||
Amirchagmaghi et al. (2018) [21] | x | |||
Yamamoto et al. (2017) [22] | x | |||
Huang et al. (2017) [23] | x | |||
Ganga et al. (2017) [24] | x | |||
Cicciù et al. (2017) [25] | x | |||
Burian et al. (2017) [26] | x | |||
Scheer et al. (2016) [27] | x | |||
Ohnishi et al. (2016) [28] | x | |||
Nagi et al. (2016) [29] | x | |||
Kordbacheh et al. (2016) [30] | x | |||
Rashid et Warnakulasuriya (2015) [31] | x | |||
Jane-Salas et al. (2015) [32] | x | |||
Elvers et al. (2015) [33] | x | |||
Hanken et al. (2013) [34] | x | |||
Rana et al. (2012) [35] | x | |||
McNamara et al. [36] | x | |||
Farah et al. (2012) [37] | x | |||
Scheer et al. (2011) [38] | x | |||
Matsumoto (2011) [39] | x | |||
Lopez-Jornet et al. (2011) [40] | x | |||
Fricain (2011) [41] | x | |||
Awan et al. (2011) [42] | x | |||
Mehrotra et al. (2010) [43] | x |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Cicciù, M.; Cervino, G.; Fiorillo, L.; D’Amico, C.; Oteri, G.; Troiano, G.; Zhurakivska, K.; Lo Muzio, L.; Herford, A.S.; Crimi, S.; et al. Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method. Dent. J. 2019, 7, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030093
Cicciù M, Cervino G, Fiorillo L, D’Amico C, Oteri G, Troiano G, Zhurakivska K, Lo Muzio L, Herford AS, Crimi S, et al. Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method. Dentistry Journal. 2019; 7(3):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030093
Chicago/Turabian StyleCicciù, Marco, Gabriele Cervino, Luca Fiorillo, Cesare D’Amico, Giacomo Oteri, Giuseppe Troiano, Khrystyna Zhurakivska, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Alan Scott Herford, Salvatore Crimi, and et al. 2019. "Early Diagnosis on Oral and Potentially Oral Malignant Lesions: A Systematic Review on the VELscope® Fluorescence Method" Dentistry Journal 7, no. 3: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj7030093