The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Animals and Diet
2.3. Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
2.4. HepG2 Cell Culture and Treatment
2.5. Cell Viability
2.6. ELISA
2.7. Western Blot
2.8. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.9. HPLC Analysis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Hypocholesterolemic Activity of CBE Was Attributed to Decreased PCSK9 Gene Expression in WD-Fed Obese Mice
3.2. CBE Significantly and Markedly Suppressed the Levels of Intracellular PCSK9, but Not LDLR, in HepG2 Cells under Lipid Depletion Conditions
3.3. CBE Synergistically Enhanced LDLR by Inhibiting PCSK9 Protein Expression in HepG2 Cells with Statin Treatment
3.4. Icaritin Is the Most Active Compound in CBE in the Regulation of PCSK9 and LDLR in HepG2 Cells
3.5. Icaritin Significantly Attenuated Gene Expression of PCSK9 and LDLR via SREBP2 and HNF-1α Downregulation
3.6. Icaritin Significantly Suppressed the Extracellular PCSK9 Level Increased by DLPS in HepG2 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LD | WD | WD+1%CBE | |
---|---|---|---|
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 94.85 ± 4.06 | 195.70 ± 7.24 ### | 145.50 ± 3.23 *** |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 12.69 ± 2.22 | 48.03 ± 6.77 ### | 24.00 ± 3.54 ** |
LD | WD | WD+1%CBE | |
---|---|---|---|
PCSK9 | 2.45 ± 0.47 | 2.72 ± 0.57 | 0.94 ± 0.25 ** |
LDLR | 1.37 ± 0.20 | 1.14 ± 0.20 | 1.35 ± 0.21 |
SREBP2 | 2.27 ± 0.40 | 2.13 ± 0.35 | 1.38 ± 0.24 |
HMGCR | 2.02 ± 0.24 | 2.04 ± 0.27 | 1.19 ± 0.23 * |
Polyphenolic Compounds | Concentration |
---|---|
Acacetin | 24.4 ± 1.2 |
Sinensetin | 106.6 ± 8.6 |
Icaritin | 17.5 ± 0.5 |
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Hwang, J.-T.; Choi, E.; Choi, H.-K.; Park, J.-H.; Chung, M.-Y. The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells. Foods 2021, 10, 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020408
Hwang J-T, Choi E, Choi H-K, Park J-H, Chung M-Y. The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells. Foods. 2021; 10(2):408. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020408
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Jin-Taek, Eunji Choi, Hyo-Kyoung Choi, Jae-Ho Park, and Min-Yu Chung. 2021. "The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris Is Mediated via SREBP2 and HNF-1α-Regulated PCSK9 Inhibition in Obese Mice and HepG2 Cells" Foods 10, no. 2: 408. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020408