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Article

Characterization of Relevant Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Food Allergies: An Overview of the 2S Albumin Family

by
Cristina Bueno-Díaz
1,2,†,
Laura Martín-Pedraza
2,3,†,
Jorge Parrón
1,
Javier Cuesta-Herranz
2,4,
Beatriz Cabanillas
5,
Carlos Pastor-Vargas
1,2,
Eva Batanero
1,2 and
Mayte Villalba
1,2,*
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
RETIC ARADyAL, Health Research Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
3
Molecular Allergology Group, Paul-Ehrlich Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
4
Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
Department of Allergy, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Both authors contributed equally to the work.
Foods 2021, 10(6), 1235; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061235
Submission received: 25 March 2021 / Revised: 17 May 2021 / Accepted: 24 May 2021 / Published: 29 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Approaches for Food Protein Allergenicity Assesment and the Diagnosis and Treatment of Food Allergies)
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Abstract

2S albumins are relevant and often major allergens from several tree nuts and seeds, affecting mainly children and young people. The present study aims to assess how the structural features of 2S albumins could affect their immunogenic capacity, which is essential to comprehend the role of these proteins in food allergy. For this purpose, twelve 2S albumins were isolated from their respective extracts by chromatographic methods and identified by MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. Their molecular and structural characterization was conducted by electrophoretic, spectroscopic and in silico methods, showing that these are small proteins that comprise a wide range of isoelectric points, displaying a general high structure stability to thermal treatment. Despite low amino acid sequence identity, these proteins share structural features, pointing conformational epitopes to explain cross-reactivity between them. Immunoblotting with allergic patients’ sera revealed those possible correlations between evolutionarily distant 2S albumins from different sources. The availability of a well-characterized panel of 2S albumins from plant-derived sources allowed establishing correlations between their structural features and their allergenic potential, including their role in cross-reactivity processes.
Keywords: food allergy; 2S albumin; biochemical characterization; cross-reactivity; anaphylaxis food allergy; 2S albumin; biochemical characterization; cross-reactivity; anaphylaxis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bueno-Díaz, C.; Martín-Pedraza, L.; Parrón, J.; Cuesta-Herranz, J.; Cabanillas, B.; Pastor-Vargas, C.; Batanero, E.; Villalba, M. Characterization of Relevant Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Food Allergies: An Overview of the 2S Albumin Family. Foods 2021, 10, 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061235

AMA Style

Bueno-Díaz C, Martín-Pedraza L, Parrón J, Cuesta-Herranz J, Cabanillas B, Pastor-Vargas C, Batanero E, Villalba M. Characterization of Relevant Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Food Allergies: An Overview of the 2S Albumin Family. Foods. 2021; 10(6):1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061235

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bueno-Díaz, Cristina, Laura Martín-Pedraza, Jorge Parrón, Javier Cuesta-Herranz, Beatriz Cabanillas, Carlos Pastor-Vargas, Eva Batanero, and Mayte Villalba. 2021. "Characterization of Relevant Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Food Allergies: An Overview of the 2S Albumin Family" Foods 10, no. 6: 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061235

APA Style

Bueno-Díaz, C., Martín-Pedraza, L., Parrón, J., Cuesta-Herranz, J., Cabanillas, B., Pastor-Vargas, C., Batanero, E., & Villalba, M. (2021). Characterization of Relevant Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Food Allergies: An Overview of the 2S Albumin Family. Foods, 10(6), 1235. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061235

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