Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.2. Chemicals
2.3. Isolation of Volatiles from CSS
2.3.1. SE-SAFE for Volatile Components in CSS
2.3.2. SPME for Volatile Constituents in CSS
2.4. Analysis of Odor-Active Compounds in CSSs
2.4.1. GC-O Analysis
2.4.2. GC-MS Analysis
2.4.3. Odor-Active Compound Identification
2.5. Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis (AEDA)
2.6. Quantitation of Selected Odor-Active Compounds in CSS
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Odor Evaluation
3.2. Odor-Active Compounds Detected Using GC-O
3.3. The FD Factor of Odor-Active Compounds in Six CSSs
3.4. Quantitation of the Odor-Active Compounds with FD Factors ≥32 or 50
3.5. OAVs of Odor-Active Compounds in Six CSSs
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Compound | RI | Odor Quality | Chinese CSSs | Japanese CSSs | Isolate c | Identification d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DB-Wax a | HP-5 b | C1 | C2 | C3 | J1 | J2 | J3 | |||||
1 | methanethiol | 690 | <600 | sulfur, garlic | + | + | + | + | + | + | S | O, RI, S |
2 | ethyl acetate | 880 | - e | fruity | - | - | - | - | - | + | A,S | O, RI, S |
3 | 2(3)-methylbutanal | 919 | 651 | malty | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
4 | ethanol | 930 | <600 | alcoholic | + | - | + | - | + | + | S | O, RI, S |
5 | ethyl propanoate | 939 | - e | fruity | - | - | - | + | + | - | S | O, RI, S |
6 | ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 964 | 750 | fruity | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
7 | 2,3-butanedione | 973 | 603 | butter | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, RI, S |
8 | ethyl butanoate | 1048 | 800 | fruity | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,S | O, MS, RI, S |
9 | 2,3-pentanedione | 1055 | - e | butter | - | - | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
10 | ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 1061 | 839 | fruity | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
11 | ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 1072 | 847 | fruity | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
12 | hexanal | 1090 | 795 | green | - | - | - | + | + | + | S | O, RI, S |
13 | 3-methylbutanol | 1205 | - e | malty | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
14 | octanal | 1284 | 1005 | fatty, green | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
15 | 1-octen-3-one | 1297 | 983 | mushroom-like | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, RI, S |
16 | 2,5-dimethylpyrazine | 1314 | - e | roasty | - | - | - | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
17 | 2,6-dimethylpyrazine | 1332 | 912 | roasty | + | + | + | - | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
18 | 2-ethylpyrazine | 1339 | - e | roasty | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
19 | dimethyl trisulfide | 1383 | 980 | sulfur, cabbage | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
20 | 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine | 1386 | - e | roasty, nutty | - | + | - | - | - | - | NB | O, RI, S |
21 | nonanal | 1390 | 1090 | fatty | - | + | + | - | + | - | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
22 | 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 1404 | 998 | roasty, earthy | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
23 | acetic acid | 1440 | 660 | sour | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,S | O, MS, RI, S |
24 | methional | 1450 | 911 | cooked potato | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
25 | 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine | 1461 | 1078 | roasty, earthy | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
26 | 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine | 1492 | - e | earthy | + | + | + | - | - | - | NB,S | O, RI, S |
27 | 3-methyl-2-isobutyl pyrazine | 1500 | - e | green | - | + | - | - | - | - | S | O, RI, S |
28 | ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate | 1530 | 1068 | fruity | + | + | + | - | - | - | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
29 | propionic acid | 1533 | - e | sour | + | - | - | - | - | - | A | O, RI, S |
30 | linalool | 1547 | 1106 | green, woody | - | - | - | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
31 | 2-methylpropionic acid | 1564 | - e | sour | + | + | + | - | - | - | A | O, RI, S |
32 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | 1579 | - e | cucumber | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
33 | ethyl 3-acetylpropionate | 1603 | 1020 | fruity | + | - | - | - | - | - | NB | O, RI, S |
34 | 2-acetylpyrazine | 1625 | 1025 | bready, roasty | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, RI, S |
35 | butanoic acid | 1629 | 793 | sour | + | + | + | + | + | + | A | O, MS, RI, S |
36 | benzeneacetaldehyde | 1637 | 1045 | honey-like | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
37 | 3-methylbutanoic acid | 1663 | 870 | sweaty, cheese | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,S | O, MS, RI, S |
38 | 2-furanmethanol | 1668 | 860 | coffee, nutty | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
39 | methionol | 1712 | 990 | cooked potato | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
40 | pentanoic acid | 1731 | 900 | sour | - | + | - | - | + | - | A | O, RI, S |
41 | ethyl phenylacetate | 1781 | 1260 | floral | + | - | - | - | + | + | S | O, MS, RI, S |
42 | 3-methylpentanoic acid | 1788 | - e | sweaty, cheese | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,S | O, RI, S |
43 | 4-methylpentanoic acid | 1791 | - e | sweaty, cheese | + | + | - | + | + | + | A,S | O, RI, S |
44 | methylcyclopentenolone | 1827 | 1030 | caramel-like | + | + | + | + | - | + | A,NB | O, RI, S |
45 | guaiacol | 1855 | 1082 | burnt, smoky | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
46 | phenethyl alcohol | 1909 | 1110 | floral | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
47 | maltol | 1969 | 1113 | caramel-like | + | + | + | + | + | + | A | O, MS, RI, S |
48 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 2026 | 1280 | burnt, smoky | + | + | + | + | + | + | NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
49 | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 2033 | 1075 | caramel-like | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
50 | 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 2058 | 1136 | caramel-like | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
51 | 4-ethylphenol | 2169 | 1165 | smoky | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
52 | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol | 2264 | - e | burnt, smoky | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, MS, RI, S |
53 | γ-dodecalactone | 2382 | - e | fatty | - | + | + | - | - | - | NB | O, MS, RI, S |
54 | vanillin | 2570 | 1398 | vanilla | + | + | + | + | + | + | A,NB,S | O, RI, S |
55 | phenylacetic acid | 2578 | - e | honey | + | + | + | - | + | + | A,S | O, MS, RI, S |
No. | Compounds | FD Factor a | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese CSS Samples | Japanese CSS Samples | ||||||||||||
C1 | C2 | C3 | J1 | J2 | J3 | ||||||||
SAFE | SPME | SAFE | SPME | SAFE | SPME | SAFE | SPME | SAFE | SPME | SAFE | SPME | ||
1 | methanethiol | - | 10 | - | 50 | - | 10 | - | 50 | - | 50 | - | 5 |
2 | ethyl acetate | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 128 | 1 |
3 | 2(3)-methylbutanal | 64 | 10 | 32 | 1 | 64 | 5 | 64 | 100 | 32 | 25 | 256 | 10 |
4 | ethanol | - | 25 | - | - | - | 25 | - | - | - | 25 | - | 5 |
5 | ethyl propanoate | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 5 | - | - |
6 | ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 2 | 100 | - | 1 | - | 10 | - | 10 | - | 25 | - | 10 |
7 | 2,3-butanedione | 64 | 5 | 16 | 50 | 32 | 1 | 16 | 25 | 32 | 10 | 32 | 5 |
8 | ethyl butanoate | - | 200 | - | 5 | 16 | 50 | 32 | - | 32 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
9 | 2,3-pentanedione | - | - | - | - | 16 | - | - | 1 | - | 5 | 4 | - |
10 | ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 256 | 100 | - | 25 | 128 | 50 | - | 10 | - | 50 | - | 50 |
11 | ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 512 | - | 8 | - | 128 | - | 16 | 10 | 8 | 50 | 32 | 50 |
12 | hexanal | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | 5 | - | 1 |
13 | 3-methylbutanol | 32 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | - | 32 | 5 | 32 | 5 |
14 | octanal | 32 | 1 | 32 | 10 | 32 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 64 | - |
15 | 1-octen-3-one | 32 | 25 | 8 | 100 | 32 | 25 | 512 | 10 | 32 | 25 | 512 | 5 |
16 | 2,5-dimethylpyrazine | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 10 |
17 | 2,6-dimethylpyrazine | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 16 | - | 2 | 5 |
18 | 2-ethylpyrazine | - | 5 | 128 | 10 | 256 | 10 | 32 | 1 | 256 | 25 | 256 | 1 |
19 | dimethyl trisulfide | 64 | 400 | 64 | 50 | 64 | 50 | 256 | 200 | 64 | 50 | 1024 | 10 |
20 | 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
21 | nonanal | - | - | - | 10 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
22 | 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 64 | 5 | 64 | 100 | 128 | 10 | 32 | 1 | 32 | - | 32 | 1 |
23 | acetic acid | 8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 25 | 2 | - | 4 | 25 | 8 | 10 |
24 | methional | 4096 | 800 | 512 | 800 | 256 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 |
25 | 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine | 1024 | 100 | 512 | 600 | 1024 | 400 | 256 | 100 | 256 | 200 | 512 | 1 |
26 | 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine | - | 100 | 256 | - | - | 200 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
27 | 3-methyl-2-isobutylpyrazine | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
28 | ethyl 2-hydroxy- 4-methylpentanoate | 2048 | 400 | 16 | 50 | 32 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
29 | propionic acid | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
30 | linalool | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | - | 1 |
31 | 2-methylpropionic acid | 4 | - | 2 | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
32 | (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 16 | - |
33 | ethyl 3-acetylpropionate | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
34 | 2-acetylpyrazine | 32 | 800 | 256 | 50 | 32 | 800 | 32 | 100 | 32 | 50 | 8 | 200 |
35 | butanoic acid | 16 | - | 16 | - | 512 | - | 16 | - | 4 | - | 16 | - |
36 | benzeneacetaldehyde | 1024 | 10 | 256 | 25 | 512 | 50 | 256 | 200 | 512 | 200 | 1024 | 200 |
37 | 3-methylbutanoic acid | 4096 | 25 | 4096 | 200 | 4096 | 400 | 4096 | 100 | 4096 | 100 | 4096 | 10 |
38 | 2-furanmethanol | 64 | 50 | 4 | 100 | 64 | 400 | 4 | 400 | 4 | 100 | 8 | 400 |
39 | methionol | 512 | 25 | 128 | 10 | 256 | 10 | 64 | 200 | 128 | 1 | 1024 | 10 |
40 | pentanoic acid | - | - | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - |
41 | ethyl phenylacetate | - | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
42 | 3-methylpentanoic acid | 32 | 1 | 256 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 1 |
43 | 4-methylpentanoic acid | 32 | 5 | 8 | 5 | - | - | 8 | 1 | 4 | - | 4 | 1 |
44 | methylcyclopentenolone | 2 | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | 64 | - | - | - | 256 | - |
45 | guaiacol | 2048 | 800 | 1024 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 1024 | 800 | 1024 | 800 | 2048 | 800 |
46 | phenethyl alcohol | 4096 | 800 | 2048 | 800 | 4096 | 400 | 512 | 100 | 4096 | 200 | 4096 | 800 |
47 | maltol | 1024 | - | 32 | - | 32 | - | 16 | - | 32 | - | 32 | - |
48 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 |
49 | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 200 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 |
50 | 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 4096 | 800 | 1024 | 5 | 1024 | 5 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 | 4096 | 800 |
51 | 4-ethylphenol | 64 | 400 | 8 | 50 | 32 | 200 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 50 | 32 | 100 |
52 | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol | 512 | - | 512 | 1 | 1024 | 50 | 256 | - | 512 | - | 512 | - |
53 | γ-dodecalactone | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
54 | vanillin | 256 | 1 | 1024 | - | 32 | 5 | 256 | 25 | - | 50 | 128 | 400 |
55 | phenylacetic acid | 1024 | 1 | 512 | - | 512 | - | - | - | 64 | - | 128 | - |
No. | Compound | Quantified Ion | Standard Curves | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 2-methylbutanal | 57 | y = 0.0069x + 1.4039 | 0.999 |
3 | 3-methylbutanal | 71 | y = 0.0027x + 1.0098 | 0.996 |
6 | ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 71 | y = 0.1264x + 0.0185 | 0.998 |
8 | ethyl butanoate | 71 | y = 0.6002x−0.0036 | 0.995 |
10 | ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 102 | y = 0.7420x−0.0164 | 0.995 |
11 | ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 88 | y = 0.5337x−0.0065 | 0.994 |
13 | 3-methylbutanol | 55 | y = 0.0016x−0.0079 | 0.999 |
14 | octanal | 84 | y = 0.3571x + 0.0137 | 0.991 |
19 | dimethyl trisulfide | 126 | y = 1.0809x−0.1085 | 0.998 |
22 | 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 122 | y = 0.0449x−0.6999 | 0.995 |
23 | acetic acid | 60 | y = 0.0002x−1.0603 | 0.993 |
24 | methional | 48 | y = 0.0006x + 0.0061 | 0.997 |
25 | 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine | 135 | y = 0.2299x−0.1852 | 0.994 |
28 | ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate | 69 | y = 0.0425x−0.1146 | 0.993 |
35 | butanoic acid | 60 | y = 0.0017x−0.6759 | 0.990 |
36 | benzeneacetaldehyde | 91 | y = 0.0299x−1.0006 | 0.998 |
37 | 3-methylbutanoic acid | 73 | y = 0.0034x−0.8599 | 0.994 |
38 | 2-furanmethanol | 98 | y = 0.0005x + 0.01316 | 0.994 |
39 | methionol | 106 | y =0.0003x + 0.0056 | 0.999 |
45 | guaiacol | 109 | y = 0.0618x + 0.0339 | 0.999 |
46 | phenethyl alcohol | 91 | y = 0.0297x−0.0239 | 0.992 |
47 | maltol | 126 | y = 0.4418x−0.4070 | 0.998 |
48 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 137 | y = 0.4116x + 0.2833 | 0.994 |
49 | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 128 | y = 0.1502x + 0.4608 | 0.992 |
50 | 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 125 | y = 0.0780x + 0.2168 | 0.991 |
51 | 4-ethylphenol | 107 | y = 0.1818x−0.0239 | 0.997 |
52 | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol | 154 | y = 0.0016x−0.0140 | 0.998 |
55 | phenylacetic acid | 91 | y = 0.4581x + 1.6573 | 0.998 |
No. | Compound | Conc. (μg/L) a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese CSS Samples | Japanese CSS Samples | ||||||
C1 | C2 | C3 | J1 | J2 | J3 | ||
carboxylic acids | |||||||
23 | acetic acid | 207266 ± 16707 | 60588 ± 773 | 215125 ± 17321 | 57948 ± 4717 | 143403 ± 5401 | 406726 ± 4688 |
35 | butanoic acid | 2844 ± 23 | 2917 ± 43 | 17069 ± 1522 | 2712 ± 8 | - | 2842 ± 160 |
37 | 3-methylbutanoic acid | 3037 ± 289 | 2190 ± 64 | 14999 ± 971 | 1922 ± 37 | 2072 ± 37 | 3028 ± 215 |
55 | phenylacetic acid | 6335 ± 507 | 2336 ± 118 | 20620 ± 434 | 129 ± 16 | 731 ± 90 | 1340 ± 49 |
Total | 219482 ± 17526 | 68031 ± 998 | 267813 ± 20248 | 62711 ± 4778 | 146206 ± 5528 | 413936 ± 5112 | |
alcohols | |||||||
13 | 3-methylbutanol | 16360 ± 224 | 3424 ± 124 | 2090 ± 74 | 437 ± 27 | 3256 ± 114 | 18144 ± 1296 |
38 | 2-furanmethanol | 19735 ± 1162 | 6839 ± 29 | 40182 ± 4350 | 833 ± 69 | 6014 ± 381 | 16780 ± 1319 |
46 | phenethyl alcohol | 5089 ± 337 | 1627 ± 65 | 3656 ± 232 | 424 ± 23 | 2328 ± 240 | 5955 ± 631 |
Total | 41184 ± 1723 | 11890 ± 218 | 45928 ± 4656 | 1694 ± 119 | 11598 ± 735 | 40879 ± 3246 | |
ketones | |||||||
47 | maltol | 18116 ± 942 | 6672 ± 68 | 7265 ± 803 | 1428 ± 127 | 3711 ± 392 | 6173 ± 107 |
49 | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 2352 ± 117 | 8904 ± 91 | 13676 ± 50 | 223 ± 5 | 460 ± 80 | 576 ± 40 |
50 | 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 40984 ± 1673 | 1774 ± 46 | 1091 ± 116 | 2987 ± 30 | 9009 ± 541 | 28771 ± 752 |
Total | 61452 ± 2732 | 17350 ± 205 | 22032 ± 969 | 4638 ± 162 | 13180 ± 1013 | 35520 ± 899 | |
sulfur-containing compounds | |||||||
19 | dimethyl trisulfide | 0.46 ± 0.03 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 2.20 ± 0.02 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 3.14 ± 0.28 |
24 | methional | 2652 ± 166 | 154 ± 6 | 143 ± 16 | 1377 ± 22 | 1663 ± 82 | 4801 ± 392 |
39 | methionol | 9907 ± 618 | 1875 ± 222 | 3448 ± 298 | 731 ± 71 | 2371 ± 260 | 20971 ± 1186 |
Total | 12559 ± 784 | 2029 ± 228 | 3591 ± 314 | 2110 ± 93 | 4034 ± 342 | 25775 ± 1578 | |
aldehydes | |||||||
3 | 2-methylbutanal | 3545 ± 87 | 86 ± 7 | 1242 ± 105 | 865 ± 16 | 1291 ± 43 | 10337 ± 1005 |
3 | 3-methylbutanal | 1739 ± 97 | 189 ± 15 | 785 ± 16 | 1256 ± 117 | 1234 ± 85 | 10571 ± 511 |
14 | octanal | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.54 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.05 |
36 | benzeneacetaldehyde | 1206 ± 83 | 317 ± 28 | 981 ± 74 | 548 ± 27 | 704 ± 28 | 4459 ± 65 |
Total | 6491 ± 267 | 593 ± 50 | 3008 ± 195 | 2669 ± 160 | 3229 ± 156 | 25368 ± 1581 | |
phenols | |||||||
45 | guaiacol | 245 ± 19 | 146 ± 4 | 1249 ± 37 | 82.62 ± 2.62 | 101 ± 4 | 293 ± 13 |
48 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 599 ± 8 | 109 ± 10 | 305 ± 7 | 95.10 ± 0.18 | 42.09 ± 2.02 | 81.80 ± 5.92 |
51 | 4-ethylphenol | 388 ± 25 | 16.14 ± 0.38 | 338±15 | 12.01 ± 0.96 | 20.03 ± 1.39 | 37.53 ± 1.04 |
52 | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol | 518 ± 16 | 500 ± 52 | 2992 ± 56 | 218 ± 11 | 559 ± 52 | 521 ± 35 |
Total | 1750 ± 68 | 771 ± 66 | 4884 ± 115 | 408 ± 15 | 722 ± 59 | 933 ± 55 | |
pyrazines | |||||||
22 | 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 144 ± 10 | 198 ± 2 | 540 ± 16 | 123 ± 11 | 113 ± 1 | 157 ± 8 |
25 | 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine | 32.98 ± 1.53 | 6.53 ± 0.52 | 42.02 ± 3.63 | 1.08 ± 0.03 | 2.03 ± 0.12 | 15.19 ± 0.78 |
Total | 177 ± 12 | 205 ± 3 | 582 ± 20 | 124 ± 11 | 115 ± 1 | 172 ± 9 | |
esters | |||||||
6 | ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 2.66 ± 0.07 | - | 0.35 ± 0.02 | - | 1.34 ± 0.10 | - |
8 | ethyl butanoate | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
10 | ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 0.52 ± 0.05 | - | 0.15 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.00 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.04 |
11 | ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.66 ± 0.00 | - | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.53 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.06 |
28 | ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate | 54.52 ± 4.88 | 19.23 ± 0.07 | 28.62 ± 1.71 | 18.86 ± 0.26 | 22.47 ± 0.69 | 37.37 ± 1.09 |
Total | 58.69 ± 5.01 | 19.32 ± 0.08 | 30.33 ± 1.81 | 19.05 ± 0.27 | 24.89 ± 0.87 | 39.05 ± 1.23 | |
All total | 343154 ± 23117 | 100888 ± 1768 | 347868 ± 26519 | 74373 ± 5338 | 179109 ± 7835 | 542622 ± 12481 |
No. | Compound | DOT (μg/L) | OAV f | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese CSS Samples | Japanese CSS Samples | |||||||
C1 | C2 | C3 | J1 | J2 | J3 | |||
24 | methional | 0.43 a | 6166 | 359 | 332 | 3202 | 3867 | 11165 |
3 | 3-methylbutanal | 0.50 a | 3479 | 379 | 1570 | 2512 | 2468 | 21142 |
3 | 2-methylbutanal | 1.5 a | 2363 | 58 | 828 | 576 | 861 | 6891 |
50 | 5-ethyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone | 20 b | 2049 | 89 | 55 | 149 | 450 | 1439 |
45 | guaiacol | 0.84 a | 292 | 174 | 1487 | 98 | 120 | 349 |
39 | methionol | 36 a | 275 | 52 | 96 | 20 | 66 | 583 |
36 | benzeneacetaldehyde | 5.2 c | 232 | 61 | 189 | 105 | 135 | 858 |
25 | 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine | 0.16 b | 206 | 41 | 263 | 7 | 13 | 95 |
48 | 4-ethylguaiacol | 4.4 a | 136 | 25 | 69 | 22 | 10 | 19 |
13 | 3-methylbutanol | 220 a | 74 | 16 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 82 |
49 | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone | 40 a | 59 | 223 | 342 | 6 | 11 | 14 |
19 | dimethyl trisulfide | 0.0099 a | 46 | 31 | 27 | 222 | 47 | 317 |
10 | ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | 0.013 a | 40 | - | 12 | 5 | 34 | 38 |
46 | phenethyl alcohol | 140 a | 36 | 12 | 26 | 3 | 17 | 43 |
51 | 4-ethylphenol | 13 a | 30 | 1 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
6 | ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 0.089 a | 30 | - | 4 | - | 15 | - |
11 | ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.023 a | 29 | - | 12 | 2 | 23 | 34 |
52 | 2,6-dimethoxyphenol | 29 c | 18 | 17 | 103 | 8 | 19 | 18 |
38 | 2-furanmethanol | 1900 d | 10 | 4 | 21 | <1 | 3 | 9 |
47 | maltol | 2500 d | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
22 | 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | 23 d | 6 | 9 | 24 | 5 | 5 | 7 |
37 | 3-methylbutanoic acid | 490 a | 6 | 4 | 31 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
23 | acetic acid | 99000 a | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
35 | butanoic acid | 2400 a | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | <1 | 1 |
55 | phenylacetic acid | 6100 a | 1 | <1 | 3 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
28 | ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate | 55 e | 1 | <1 | 1 | <1 | <1 | 1 |
8 | ethyl butanoate | 0.76 a | <1 | <1 | 1 | <1 | <1 | 1 |
14 | octanal | 3.4 a | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
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Huang, J.; Chen, H.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Liu, B.; Sun, B. Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches. Foods 2021, 10, 1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071492
Huang J, Chen H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu B, Sun B. Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches. Foods. 2021; 10(7):1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071492
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Jia, Haitao Chen, Zhimin Zhang, Yuping Liu, Binshan Liu, and Baoguo Sun. 2021. "Investigations on the Key Odorants Contributing to the Aroma of Children Soy Sauce by Molecular Sensory Science Approaches" Foods 10, no. 7: 1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071492