The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Experimental Design
2.2. Average Weight of Artichoke Flower Head Orders
2.3. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds
2.4. Identification and Quantification of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Luteolin Derivatives
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Average Flower Head Weight
3.2. Effect of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Hydroxycinnamic Acid Content
3.3. Effect of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Luteolin Derivatives Content
3.4. Effect of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on Total Phenolic Content
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gibberellic Acid | No Treatment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main Heads | Secondary Heads | Tertiary Heads | Main Heads | Secondary Heads | Tertiary Heads | |
LORCA | 240.37 ± 10.40c | 175.76 ± 12.84b | 122.57 ± 4.08a | 273.82 ± 19.68c | 160.48 ± 3.20b | 123.17 ± 8.50a |
TUPAC | 280.99 ± 7.01b | 178.65 ± 9.86a | 167.15 ± 7.91a | 306.38 ± 14.57c | 179.52 ± 5.38b | 148.61 ± 4.66a |
TUDELA | - | - | - | 209.39 ± 8.81c | 180.34 ± 5.20b | 156.33 ± 6.99a |
CALICÓ | 472.22 ± 32.75c | 361.82 ± 23.25b | 178.93 ± 13.25a * | 496.62 ± 18.50c | 333.26 ± 13.86b | 261.69 ± 22.49a * |
SAMBO | 373.90 ± 20.96c * | 300.25 ±18.86b * | 189.75 ± 9.94a * | 540.20 ± 13.58c * | 393.21 ± 11.93b * | 266.39 ± 18.76a * |
SYMPHONY | 243.13 ± 15.58c * | 158.69 ± 8.24b | 106.55 ± 6.83a | 391.55 ± 21.64c * | 196.34 ± 12.69b | 121.33 ± 6.40a |
MADRIGAL | 297.83 ± 10.70c * | 222.88 ± 10.17b * | 155.40 ± 5.45a * | 455.75 ± 32.62c * | 279.19 ± 15.92b * | 224.87 ± 7.44a * |
OLYMPUS | 254.83 ± 12.25c | 206.98 ± 13.64b | 138.59 ± 8.58a * | 281.98 ± 11.76c | 225.26 ± 7.04b | 182.26 ± 12.33a * |
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Giménez, M.J.; Giménez-Berenguer, M.; García-Pastor, M.E.; Parra, J.; Zapata, P.J.; Castillo, S. The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars. Foods 2021, 10, 1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081813
Giménez MJ, Giménez-Berenguer M, García-Pastor ME, Parra J, Zapata PJ, Castillo S. The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars. Foods. 2021; 10(8):1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081813
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiménez, María José, Marina Giménez-Berenguer, María Emma García-Pastor, Joaquín Parra, Pedro Javier Zapata, and Salvador Castillo. 2021. "The Influence of Flower Head Order and Gibberellic Acid Treatment on the Hydroxycinnamic Acid and Luteolin Derivatives Content in Globe Artichoke Cultivars" Foods 10, no. 8: 1813. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081813