Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Factors and Flavonoids Content on Chinese Prickly Ash Peel Color Based on HPLC-MS and Structural Equation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Determination of Color Quality
2.3. Sample Preparations
2.4. HPLC-MS Analysis of Fifteen Flavonoids Compounds
2.5. Data on Climate Factors
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Color Determination of Chinese Prickly Ash Peels and Their Geographical Variation
3.2. Quantification of the Fifteen Flavonoid Compounds of 26 Chinese Prickly Ash Peels
3.3. PCA and HCA Analysis
3.4. Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Factors on Flavonoid Compounds and Peel Color
3.5. Correlation between Peel Color and Flavonoid Compounds
3.6. Structural Equation Models of the Effects of Climate Factors and Flavonoids on Peel Color
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Provenance | YHY | YLU | YKP | YQI | YC | YRU | YCA | YQU | YHE | YAP | YPH | YPG | YCGT | YCGC | YCSA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 22.88 ± 0.06 b | 2.34 ± 0.06 e | 1.89 ± 0.21 d | 28.66 ± 0.36 e | 7.85 ± 0.02 f | 6.42 ± 0.38 j | 9.80 ± 0.16 f | 3.02 ± 0.28 c | 3.46 ± 0.12 i | 5.04 ± 0.20 a | 6.77 ± 0.13 c d | 7.52 ± 0.09 b | 12.13 ± 0.22 a | 11.58 ± 0.46 a | 7.54 ± 0.14 e |
A2 | 27.84 ± 0.38 a | 1.92 ± 0.08 f | 2.10 ± 0.02 c | 36.28 ± 0.53 b | 9.82 ± 0.11 d | 6.78 ± 0.19 h | 14.54 ± 0.14 c | 2.51 ± 0.06 d | 4.23 ± 0.06 f | 3.01 ± 0.09 d e | 6.53 ± 0.07 d e | 8.15 ± 0.10 a | 11.43 ± 0.08 b | 9.90 ± 0.19 c d | 8.22 ± 0.11 c |
A3 | 18.56 ± 0.19 c | 1.92 ± 0.01 f | 1.89 ± 0.02 d | 31.95 ± 0.34 d | 6.86 ± 0.10 g | 6.94 ± 0.17 h | 11.07 ± 0.08 d | 2.43 ± 0.08 d | 3.81 ± 0.17 g h | 4.34 ± 0.10 b | 7.50 ± 0.20 b | 7.34 ± 0.11 b | 10.03 ± 0.13 d | 10.56 ± 0.15 b c | 8.70 ± 0.02 b |
A4 | 8.91 ± 0.59 m | 3.32 ± 0.32 b | 1.49 ± 0.45 g | 34.36 ± 2.31 c | 6.45 ± 0.17 h | 8.83 ± 0.06 e | 16.50 ± 0.45 b | 4.13 ± 0.36 b | 3.58 ± 0.08 i | 3.77 ± 0.10 c | 8.05 ± 0.11 a | 6.85 ± 0.09 c | 10.52 ± 0.21 c | 9.97 ± 0.40 c d | 8.73 ± 0.17 b |
A5 | 14.54 ± 0.15 f | 3.80 ± 0.28 a | 1.79 ± 0.02 e | 33.62 ± 0.38 c | 7.95 ± 0.14 f | 5.62 ± 0.28 k | 21.06 ± 0.21 a | 5.16 ± 0.38 a | 3.49 ± 0.18 i | 3.62 ± 0.12 c | 7.38 ± 0.08 b | 6.91 ± 0.09 c | 12.02 ± 0.19 a | 9.31 ± 0.17 e | 8.98 ± 0.14 b |
A6 | 13.58 ± 0.02 g | 2.79 ± 0.25 d | 1.97 ± 0.04 c | 45.13 ± 0.06 a | 8.79 ± 0.18 e | 6.90 ± 0.02 h | 16.68 ± 0.37 b | 3.12 ± 0.17 c | 4.50 ± 0.05 e | 3.57 ± 0.07 c | 6.39 ± 0.22 e | 6.41 ± 0.17 d | 10.32 ± 0.27 c d | 9.71 ± 0.14 c d | 9.00 ± 0.13 b |
B1 | 10.94 ± 0.11 l | 3.11 ± 0.06 c | 1.79 ± 0.01 e | 19.97 ± 0.23 h | 7.88 ± 0.02 f | 6.42 ± 0.38 j | 5.39 ± 0.28 k | 1.26 ± 0.04 g | 5.08 ± 0.05 c | 2.81 ± 0.14 e | 6.55 ± 0.18 d | 7.31 ± 0.18 b | 8.32 ± 0.20 f g | 10.15 ± 0.09 c | 8.83 ± 0.24 b |
B2 | 10.80 ± 0.08 l | 3.57 ± 0.13 a | 2.99 ± 0.04 a | 20.81 ± 0.74 h | 13.55 ± 0.62 a | 7.67 ± 0.14 g | 6.63 ± 0.08 i | 1.59 ± 0.14 e f | 4.35 ± 0.10 f | 3.10 ± 0.18 d | 6.89 ± 0.27 c | 6.95 ± 0.26 c | 9.48 ± 0.22 e | 8.36 ± 0.36 f g | 7.89 ± 0.16 d |
B3 | 8.87 ± 0.62 m | 1.37 ± 0.02 j | 1.43 ± 0.02 g | 23.63 ± 2.23 g | 11.64 ± 0.13 b | 5.79 ± 0.06 k | 7.35 ± 0.21 h | 1.77 ± 0.04 e f | 3.70 ± 0.07 h | 2.54 ± 0.09 f | 6.94 ± 0.08 c | 6.97 ± 0.17 c | 10.13 ± 0.20 c d | 10.11 ± 0.28 c | 9.92 ± 0.25 a |
B4 | 8.24 ± 0.02 m | 3.06 ± 0.08 c | 1.66 ± 0.09 f | 22.85 ± 0.15 g | 10.63 ± 0.57 c | 4.73 ± 0.21 l | 6.59 ± 0.16 i | 1.99 ± 0.19 e | 4.32 ± 0.18 f | 2.51 ± 0.12 f | 6.72 ± 0.12 c d | 6.97 ± 0.13 c | 9.44 ± 0.10 e | 10.10 ± 0.43 c | 8.17 ± 0.15 c d |
B5 | 14.21 ± 0.19 f | 1.93 ± 0.11 f | 1.34 ± 0.04 h | 26.06 ± 0.28 f | 10.96 ± 0.23 c | 6.49 ± 0.64 i | 6.08 ± 0.91 j | 1.56 ± 0.21 f | 4.53 ± 0.09 e | 3.72 ± 0.12 c | 5.82 ± 0.22 f | 5.38 ± 0.21 e | 9.66 ± 0.39 e | 9.57 ± 0.44 d | 7.38 ± 0.20 e |
C1 | 12.45 ± 0.34 i | 1.01 ± 0.23 m | 1.62 ± 0.06 f | 12.57 ± 0.25 m | 5.91 ± 0.73 h | 10.22 ± 0.12 c | 3.00 ± 0.22 n | 2.49 ± 0.42 d | 4.95 ± 0.16 c d | 2.99 ± 0.26 d e | 5.01 ± 0.16 h i | 4.83 ± 0.07 f g | 6.54 ± 0.23 i | 7.44 ± 0.26 h | 6.04 ± 0.18 f |
C2 | 13.82 ± 0.06 g | 1.61 ± 0.02 h | 1.30 ± 0.13 h | 14.16 ± 0.04 k l | 8.55 ± 0.02 e | 10.10 ± 0.02 c | 7.40 ± 0.12 h | 0.41 ± 0.11 k | 5.31 ± 0.21 b c | 2.03 ± 0.27 h | 4.38 ± 0.23 j | 5.23 ± 0.12 e f | 7.52 ± 0.11 h | 7.97 ± 0.16 g | 5.64 ± 0.02 g |
C3 | 13.13 ± 0.87 h | 0.83 ± 0.11 n | 2.64 ± 0.11 b | 13.58 ± 0.36 l | 7.08 ± 0.08 g | 10.47 ± 0.36 c | 9.56 ± 0.25 f | 0.74 ± 0.02 j | 4.71 ± 0.14 d | 2.21 ± 0.11 g | 4.67 ± 0.22 i | 5.04 ± 0.19 f | 8.55 ± 0.29 f | 7.69 ± 0.17 g h | 8.86 ± 0.19 b |
C4 | 14.64 ± 0.17 f | 1.26 ± 0.04 k | 1.73 ± 0.04 e | 15.21 ± 0.21 j | 6.32 ± 0.06 h | 8.79 ± 0.19 e | 3.18 ± 0.10 m | 3.87 ± 0.13 b | 4.79 ± 0.23 d | 1.69 ± 0.13 i j | 5.47 ± 0.18 g | 4.40 ± 0.11 h | 8.06 ± 0.14 g | 8.51 ± 0.12 f | 5.63 ± 0.15 g |
C5 | 14.22 ± 0.89 f | 1.71 ± 0.09 g | 1.33 ± 0.04 h | 14.75 ± 0.19 k | 9.83 ± 0.13 d | 13.07 ± 0.11 a | 4.07 ± 0.12 l | 0.39 ± 0.06 k | 4.93 ± 0.12 c d | 2.21 ± 0.11 g | 3.70 ± 0.21 l | 4.28 ± 0.14 i | 7.43 ± 0.27 h | 6.40 ± 0.29 i | 4.89 ± 0.23 i l |
C6 | 11.85 ± 0.30 k | 1.83 ± 0.02 f | 0.98 ± 0.02 i | 13.47 ± 0.34 l | 8.41 ± 0.02 e | 11.72 ± 0.15 b | 5.00 ± 0.03 k | 4.11 ± 0.34 b | 3.91 ± 0.20 g | 2.26 ± 0.11 g | 4.01 ± 0.19 k | 4.08 ± 0.16 i j | 8.53 ± 0.25 f | 7.50 ± 0.28 g h | 5.36 ± 0.11 g h |
C7 | 12.86 ± 0.19 i | 0.76 ± 0.04 n | 2.46 ± 0.04 b c | 12.27 ± 0.68 m | 5.44 ± 0.11 i | 9.87 ± 0.02 d | 9.83 ± 0.15 f | 0.44 ± 0.06 k | 5.35 ± 0.18 b c | 2.38 ± 0.14 f g | 4.06 ± 0.09 k | 4.38 ± 0.04 h | 7.13 ± 0.18 h | 8.44 ± 0.14 f g | 5.10 ± 0.15 i |
D1 | 16.73 ± 0.23 d | 0.29 ± 0.02 o | 1.85 ± 0.04 d | 16.83 ± 0.13 i | 9.59 ± 0.12 d | 8.31 ± 0.02 f | 8.19 ± 0.14 g | 1.83 ± 0.04 e f | 5.87 ± 0.22 a | 1.76 ± 0.22 i | 5.15 ± 0.21 h | 4.74 ± 0.09 g | 10.12 ± 0.40 c d | 10.68 ± 0.43 b | 5.96 ± 0.32 f |
D2 | 18.56 ± 0.23 c | 1.56 ± 0.02 h i | 1.89 ± 0.15 d | 16.65 ± 0.38 i | 8.55 ± 0.06 e | 9.10 ± 0.17 e | 7.58 ± 0.15 h | 0.26 ± 0.03 l | 4.54 ± 0.25 e | 1.30 ± 0.25 j | 4.29 ± 0.24 j k | 4.56 ± 0.15 g h | 8.37 ± 0.31 f g | 7.82 ± 0.36 g h | 4.63 ± 0.12 l |
D3 | 15.69 ± 0.08 e | 0.45 ± 0.02 o | 1.81 ± 0.04 d | 15.35 ± 0.11 j | 7.46 ± 0.18 g | 7.22 ± 0.04 g h | 8.34 ± 0.15 g | 0.29 ± 0.02 l | 5.50 ± 0.15 b | 2.18 ± 0.14 g | 4.76 ± 0.09 i | 5.20 ± 0.12 e f | 9.63 ± 0.27 e | 9.84 ± 0.27 c d | 4.58 ± 0.22 l |
E1 | 15.90 ± 0.21 d e | 1.48 ± 0.42 i | 0.83 ± 0.04 j | 10.29 ± 0.34 o | 5.34 ± 0.04 i | 6.54 ± 0.13 i | 10.58 ± 0.37 e | 0.83 ± 0.09 i | 3.88 ± 0.31 g h | 2.13 ± 0.09 g | 3.23 ± 0.10 m | 3.83 ± 0.26 j | 5.47 ± 0.18 j | 5.00 ± 0.20 j | 3.49 ± 0.14 n |
E2 | 14.25 ± 1.19 f | 1.89 ± 0.04 f | 1.85 ± 0.12 d | 11.13 ± 0.12 n | 9.66 ± 0.71 d | 8.86 ± 0.49 e | 11.37 ± 0.13 d | 0.68 ± 0.13 j | 5.42 ± 0.10 b | 2.03 ± 0.12 h | 4.26 ± 0.13 j k | 3.51 ± 0.12 k | 6.16 ± 0.20 i | 4.48 ± 0.17 k | 4.16 ± 0.17 m |
E3 | 6.03 ± 0.08 n | 1.05 ± 0.08 m | 0.97 ± 0.04 i | 9.60 ± 0.42 o | 6.44 ± 0.16 h | 6.99 ± 0.25 h | 2.64 ± 0.30 n | 1.16 ± 0.11 g h | 3.82 ± 0.24 g h | 1.55 ± 0.10 i j | 3.66 ± 0.11 l | 4.02 ± 0.14 i j | 5.34 ± 0.15 j | 4.55 ± 0.18 k | 4.60 ± 0.15 l |
E4 | 14.30 ± 0.11 f | 1.16 ± 0.06 l | 0.66 ± 0.04 k | 7.55 ± 0.42 p | 4.65 ± 0.16 j | 4.51 ± 0.04 l | 2.64 ± 0.28 n | 0.98 ± 0.06 h | 3.48 ± 0.26 i | 1.39 ± 0.20 j | 3.31 ± 0.16 m | 3.10 ± 0.13 l | 6.35 ± 0.16 i | 6.46 ± 0.32 i | 5.19 ± 0.13 h |
E5 | 12.44 ± 0.06 j | 2.16 ± 0.08 e | 1.11 ± 0.06 i | 8.61 ± 0.02 p | 9.59 ± 0.12 d | 3.28 ± 0.19 m | 3.86 ± 0.06 l | 1.01 ± 0.07 g h | 2.69 ± 0.13 j | 1.33 ± 0.12 j | 3.47 ± 0.22 m | 3.27 ± 0.09 k l | 5.45 ± 0.21 j | 6.23 ± 0.15 i | 4.64 ± 0.25 l |
Flavonoids | L* | a* | b* | XAMT | XAMAT | XAMIT | XRH | XAAP | XMW | XMAW | XEW | XASD | XASP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YHY | 0.253 | 0.355 | −0.111 | −0.568 ** | −0.555 ** | −0.581 ** | −0.720 ** | −0.613 ** | 0.488 * | 0.461 * | 0.468 * | 0.495 * | 0.506 ** |
YLU | 0.318 | 0.523 ** | −0.536 ** | 0.022 | −0.115 | 0.141 | 0.097 | 0.225 | 0.051 | 0.327 | 0.272 | −0.366 | −0.319 |
YKP | 0.238 | 0.379 | −0.174 | −0.059 | −0.045 | −0.043 | −0.340 | −0.195 | 0.062 | 0.142 | 0.083 | −0.090 | −0.065 |
YQI | 0.582 ** | 0.727 ** | −0.775 ** | −0.365 | −0.483 * | −0.228 | −0.152 | −0.153 | 0.325 | 0.403 * | 0.170 | −0.207 | −0.109 |
YC | 0.406 * | 0.420 * | −0.191 | −0.229 | −0.166 | −0.185 | 0.040 | −0.122 | −0.098 | −0.013 | −0.098 | −0.010 | 0.006 |
YRU | −0.148 | −0.274 | 0.138 | 0.129 | 0.276 | 0.030 | −0.029 | −0.299 | 0.292 | 0.159 | 0.042 | 0.239 | 0.205 |
YCA | 0.360 | 0.458 * | −0.469 * | −0.048 | −0.176 | 0.054 | −0.071 | 0.121 | 0.311 | 0.400 * | 0.259 | −0.303 | −0.227 |
YQU | 0.323 | 0.374 | −0.504 ** | 0.086 | −0.048 | 0.192 | 0.144 | 0.077 | 0.238 | 0.244 | 0.083 | −0.375 | −0.345 |
YHE | −0.205 | −0.265 | 0.216 | 0.074 | 0.212 | −0.006 | −0.062 | −0.169 | 0.024 | −0.070 | −0.208 | 0.138 | 0.130 |
YAP | 0.634 ** | 0.775 ** | −0.563 ** | −0.362 | −0.470 * | −0.233 | −0.244 | −0.218 | 0.301 | 0.347 | 0.138 | −0.173 | −0.131 |
YPH | 0.678 ** | 0.872 ** | −0.612 ** | −0.297 | −0.428 * | −0.136 | −0.115 | −0.165 | 0.145 | 0.377 | 0.210 | −0.316 | −0.275 |
YPG | 0.750 ** | 0.812 ** | −0.585 ** | −0.472 * | −0.577 ** | −0.332 | −0.324 | −0.335 | 0.221 | 0.433 * | 0.287 | −0.125 | −0.082 |
YCGC | 0.721 ** | 0.881 ** | −0.570 ** | −0.417 * | −0.476 * | −0.293 | −0.271 | −0.390 * | 0.228 | 0.395 * | 0.256 | −0.039 | 0.008 |
YCSA | 0.710 ** | 0.758 ** | −0.573 ** | −0.502 ** | −0.559 ** | −0.384 | −0.311 | −0.510 ** | 0.162 | 0.332 | 0.184 | 0.034 | 0.072 |
YCGT | 0.595 ** | 0.769 ** | −0.579 ** | −0.301 | −0.435 * | −0.147 | −0.026 | −0.192 | 0.078 | 0.281 | 0.119 | −0.235 | −0.181 |
Item | Factors | Correlation | Direct Path | Indirect Path Coefficient | Decision | Significance Level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficients | Coefficients | Coefficient | p-Value | |||||||
YHY | ||||||||||
XRH | −0.720 | −0.720 | 0.518 | 0.000 | ||||||
YLU | Total | →XEW | →XASD | →XASP | ||||||
XEW | 0.272 | 0.567 | −0.295 | −1.148 | 0.853 | −0.013 | 0.000 | |||
XASD | −0.366 | −2.814 | 2.448 | 0.230 | 2.218 | −5.859 | 0.002 | |||
XASP | −0.319 | 2.245 | −2.564 | 0.216 | −2.780 | −6.470 | 0.032 | |||
YQI | Total | →XAMAT | →XASD | →XASP | →XMAW | |||||
XAMAT | −0.483 | −0.492 | 0.009 | 1.803 | −1.673 | −0.121 | 0.233 | 0.000 | ||
XASD | −0.207 | −3.724 | 3.517 | 0.237 | 3.196 | 0.084 | −12.328 | 0.000 | ||
XASP | −0.109 | 3.235 | −3.344 | 0.255 | −3.678 | 0.079 | −11.172 | 0.000 | ||
XMAW | 0.403 | 0.392 | 0.011 | 0.152 | −0.794 | 0.654 | 0.162 | 0.001 | ||
YCA | Total | →XMAW | →XASD | →XASP | ||||||
XMAW | 0.400 | 0.516 | −0.116 | −0.747 | 0.631 | 0.147 | 0.002 | |||
XASD | −0.303 | −3.506 | 3.203 | 0.110 | 3.093 | −10.166 | 0.001 | |||
XASP | −0.227 | 3.132 | −3.359 | 0.104 | −3.463 | −11.229 | 0.002 | |||
YQU | Total | →XAMT | →XAMIT | |||||||
XAMT | 0.086 | −2.589 | 2.675 | 2.675 | −7.149 | 0.007 | ||||
XAMIT | 0.192 | 2.730 | −2.538 | −0.538 | −6.403 | 0.005 | ||||
YAP | Total | →XAMAT | →XASD | |||||||
XAMAT | −0.470 | −0.723 | 0.253 | 0.253 | 0.157 | 0.001 | ||||
XASD | −0.173 | −0.523 | 0.350 | 0.350 | −0.093 | 0.008 | ||||
YCGC | ||||||||||
XAMAT | −0.476 | −0.476 | 0.227 | 0.014 | ||||||
YCSA | ||||||||||
XAMAT | −0.559 | −0.559 | 0.312 | 0.003 | ||||||
YCGT | Total | →XAMIT | →XAMT | |||||||
XAMIT | −0.147 | 3.763 | −3.910 | −3.910 | −15.268 | 0.000 | ||||
XAMT | −0.301 | −3.989 | 3.688 | 3.688 | −13.513 | 0.000 | ||||
YPH | Total | →XAMAT | →XASD | →XMAW | →XMW | |||||
XAMAT | −0.428 | −0.659 | 0.231 | 0.339 | −0.220 | 0.112 | 0.130 | 0.000 | ||
XASD | −0.316 | −0.700 | 0.384 | 0.320 | 0.152 | −0.088 | −0.047 | 0.000 | ||
XMAW | 0.377 | 0.712 | −0.335 | 0.203 | −0.149 | −0.389 | 0.030 | 0.003 | ||
XMW | 0.145 | −0.470 | 0.615 | 0.157 | −0.130 | 0.588 | −0.358 | 0.037 | ||
YPG | Total | →XAMAT | →XASD | →XMAW | ||||||
XAMAT | −0.577 | −0.746 | 0.169 | 0.268 | −0.099 | 0.304 | 0.000 | |||
XASD | −0.125 | −0.554 | 0.429 | 0.360 | 0.069 | −0.169 | 0.001 | |||
XMAW | 0.433 | 0.321 | 0.112 | 0.230 | −0.118 | 0.175 | 0.027 | |||
a* | Total | →XAMAT | →XASP | →XMAW | ||||||
XAMAT | −0.541 | −0.763 | 0.222 | 0.323 | −0.101 | 0.243 | 0.000 | |||
XASP | −0.165 | −0.625 | 0.460 | 0.394 | 0.066 | −0.185 | 0.000 | |||
XMAW | 0.438 | 0.329 | 0.109 | 0.235 | −0.126 | 0.180 | 0.020 | |||
L* | ||||||||||
XAMAT | −0.729 | −0.729 | 0.531 | 0.001 | ||||||
b* | Total | →XAMAT | →XAMT | →XAAP | ||||||
XAMAT | 0.505 | 1.149 | −0.644 | −0.848 | 0.204 | −0.160 | 0.006 | |||
XAMT | 0.567 | −0.611 | 1.178 | 1.026 | 0.152 | −1.066 | 0.005 | |||
XAAP | 0.682 | 0.502 | 0.180 | 0.468 | −0.288 | 0.433 | 0.010 |
Compounds | Regression | R | R2 | F |
---|---|---|---|---|
YQI | y = −0.854a* + 0.383b* + 77.186 | 0.891 | 0.795 | 44.511 |
YAP | y = 0.050a* − 0.042b* + 1.589 | 0.818 | 0.668 | 23.180 |
YPH | y = 0.088a* − 0.067b* + 2.719 | 0.849 | 0.722 | 57.247 |
YPG | y = 0.093a* − 0.059b* + 1.376 | 0.808 | 0.653 | 56.694 |
YCGC | y = 0.111a* − 0.084b* + 5.379 | 0.913 | 0.833 | 29.806 |
YCSA | y = 0.099a* − 0.092b* + 7.606 | 0.912 | 0.831 | 21.646 |
YCGT | y = 0.098a* − 0.091b* + 5.709 | 0.819 | 0.671 | 23.420 |
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Zheng, T.; Zhang, D.-L.; Sun, B.-Y.; Liu, S.-M. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Factors and Flavonoids Content on Chinese Prickly Ash Peel Color Based on HPLC-MS and Structural Equation Model. Foods 2022, 11, 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11162539
Zheng T, Zhang D-L, Sun B-Y, Liu S-M. Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Factors and Flavonoids Content on Chinese Prickly Ash Peel Color Based on HPLC-MS and Structural Equation Model. Foods. 2022; 11(16):2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11162539
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Tao, Ding-Ling Zhang, Bing-Yin Sun, and Shu-Ming Liu. 2022. "Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Factors and Flavonoids Content on Chinese Prickly Ash Peel Color Based on HPLC-MS and Structural Equation Model" Foods 11, no. 16: 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11162539