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Review

Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?

by
Alessia Catalano
1,†,
Domenico Iacopetta
2,†,
Jessica Ceramella
2,
Azzurra Chiara De Maio
2,
Giovanna Basile
2,
Federica Giuzio
3,
Maria Grazia Bonomo
3,
Stefano Aquaro
2,
Thomas J. Walsh
4,
Maria Stefania Sinicropi
2,*,
Carmela Saturnino
3,*,
Athina Geronikaki
5,‡ and
Giovanni Salzano
3,‡
1
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
2
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
3
Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
4
Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23223, USA
5
School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Foods 2022, 11(18), 2884; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182884
Submission received: 12 August 2022 / Revised: 9 September 2022 / Accepted: 15 September 2022 / Published: 17 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Unrevealed Value of Agro-Food Products and Their Impact on Human Health)
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Abstract

The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? After two years mastered by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are now witnessing a turnaround. The reduction of severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 led to increasing importance of a new disease called post-COVID syndrome. The term post-COVID is used to indicate permanency of symptoms in patients who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immune, antiviral, antimicrobial therapies, as well as ozone therapy have been used to treat COVID-19 disease. Vaccines have then become available and administered worldwide to prevent the insurgence of the disease. However, the pandemic is not over yet at all given the emergence of new omicron variants. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this view, great interest was found in nutraceutical products, including vitamins (C, D, and E), minerals (zinc), melatonin, probiotics, flavonoids (quercetin), and curcumin. This review summarizes the role of nutraceuticals in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 disease and post-COVID syndrome.
Keywords: long-COVID; SARS-CoV-2; vitamins; flavonoids; zinc; quercetin; natural bioactive compounds long-COVID; SARS-CoV-2; vitamins; flavonoids; zinc; quercetin; natural bioactive compounds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Catalano, A.; Iacopetta, D.; Ceramella, J.; Maio, A.C.D.; Basile, G.; Giuzio, F.; Bonomo, M.G.; Aquaro, S.; Walsh, T.J.; Sinicropi, M.S.; et al. Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods 2022, 11, 2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182884

AMA Style

Catalano A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Maio ACD, Basile G, Giuzio F, Bonomo MG, Aquaro S, Walsh TJ, Sinicropi MS, et al. Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods. 2022; 11(18):2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182884

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catalano, Alessia, Domenico Iacopetta, Jessica Ceramella, Azzurra Chiara De Maio, Giovanna Basile, Federica Giuzio, Maria Grazia Bonomo, Stefano Aquaro, Thomas J. Walsh, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, and et al. 2022. "Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?" Foods 11, no. 18: 2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182884

APA Style

Catalano, A., Iacopetta, D., Ceramella, J., Maio, A. C. D., Basile, G., Giuzio, F., Bonomo, M. G., Aquaro, S., Walsh, T. J., Sinicropi, M. S., Saturnino, C., Geronikaki, A., & Salzano, G. (2022). Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods, 11(18), 2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11182884

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