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10.3390/foods11244097
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Article

Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites

by
Jianhua Dou
1,
Jie Wang
1,
Zhongqi Tang
1,*,
Jihua Yu
1,2,
Yue Wu
1,
Zeci Liu
1,
Junwen Wang
1,
Guangzheng Wang
1 and
Qiang Tian
1
1
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2022, 11(24), 4097; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244097
Submission received: 30 November 2022 / Revised: 11 December 2022 / Accepted: 14 December 2022 / Published: 19 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Foods)
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Abstract

Melatonin plays key roles in improving fruit quality and yield by regulating various aspects of plant growth. However, the effects of how melatonin regulates primary and secondary metabolites during fruit growth and development are poorly understood. In this study, the surfaces of tomato fruit were sprayed with different concentrations of melatonin (0, 50, and 100 µmol·L−1) on the 20th day after anthesis; we used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to determine the changes in primary and secondary metabolite contents during fruit development and measured the activity of sucrose metabolizing enzymes during fruit development. Our results showed that 100 µmol·L−1 melatonin significantly promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar in tomato fruit by increasing the activities of sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and acid convertase (AI). The application of 100 µmol·L−1 melatonin also increased the contents of ten amino acids in tomato fruit as well as decreased the contents of organic acids. In addition, 100 µmol·L−1 melatonin application also increased the accumulation of some secondary metabolites, such as six phenolic acids, three flavonoids, and volatile substances (including alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones). In conclusion, melatonin application improves the internal nutritional and flavor quality of tomato fruit by regulating the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites during tomato fruit ripening. In the future, we need to further understand the molecular mechanism of melatonin in tomato fruit to lay a solid foundation for quality improvement breeding.
Keywords: melatonin; tomato fruit; sugars; organic acids; amino acids; phenolic acids and flavonoids; E-nose; sucrose metabolism melatonin; tomato fruit; sugars; organic acids; amino acids; phenolic acids and flavonoids; E-nose; sucrose metabolism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dou, J.; Wang, J.; Tang, Z.; Yu, J.; Wu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Wang, J.; Wang, G.; Tian, Q. Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites. Foods 2022, 11, 4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244097

AMA Style

Dou J, Wang J, Tang Z, Yu J, Wu Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Wang G, Tian Q. Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites. Foods. 2022; 11(24):4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244097

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dou, Jianhua, Jie Wang, Zhongqi Tang, Jihua Yu, Yue Wu, Zeci Liu, Junwen Wang, Guangzheng Wang, and Qiang Tian. 2022. "Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites" Foods 11, no. 24: 4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244097

APA Style

Dou, J., Wang, J., Tang, Z., Yu, J., Wu, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Wang, G., & Tian, Q. (2022). Application of Exogenous Melatonin Improves Tomato Fruit Quality by Promoting the Accumulation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites. Foods, 11(24), 4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244097

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