Preparation of an Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bio-Polymer Film and Its Application as Glazing Shell for Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of the Casting Solutions
2.2. Characterization of the Chitosan Films
2.3. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Chitosan Films
2.4. The Storage of the Apples with the Glazing Shell
2.5. Postharvest Quality Analysis of the Preserved Apples
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Formation of the Chitosan Films
3.2. Characterization of the Chitosan Films
3.3. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Chitosan Films
3.4. Sensory and Physical Properties of the Preserved Apples during the Storage
3.5. Microbial Counts of the Preserved Apples during the Storage
3.6. Chemical Properties of the Preserved Apples during the Storage
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RI 1 | Components | % in ZA 2 | % In ZS 2 | Reported Bioactivity |
---|---|---|---|---|
863 | trans-2-Hexenal | 3.33 | 3.59 | Antimicrobial, antioxidant [23] |
1030 | Limonene | 2.96 | 7.40 | Antimicrobial, antioxidant [24] |
1036 | Eucalyptol | 13.31 | - | Antimicrobial [25] |
1078 | cis-Linalool oxide | 4.97 | 1.33 | Antimicrobial [26] |
1099 | Linalool | 4.86 | 3.92 | Antimicrobial [27], antioxidant [28] |
1168 | Borneol | 0.23 | 23.39 | Antimicrobial, antioxidant [29] |
1229 | Estragole | 12.19 | 0.17 | Antimicrobial [30] |
1357 | Eugenol | 1.74 | 2.94 | Antimicrobial, antioxidant [31] |
1390 | β-Elemene | 0.59 | 12.48 | Antioxidant [32] |
1418 | β-Caryophyllene | 6.77 | 0.11 | Antimicrobial [33], antioxidant [34] |
1486 | Germacrene D | 4.10 | 4.92 | Antimicrobial [35] |
1578 | Caryophyllene oxide | 1.72 | 4.70 | Antimicrobial [36] |
Total | 56.77 | 64.95 |
Materials | L* | a* | b* |
---|---|---|---|
CH | 71.33 ± 6.14 a | 3.97 ± 0.28 a | −5.26 ± 0.42 g |
CH-ZA1 | 61.97 ± 3.78 b | 2.85 ± 0.31 c | −2.04 ± 0.83 f |
CH-ZA2 | 58.21 ± 4.49 c | 2.38 ± 0.15 d | 2.31 ± 0.20 c |
CH-ZA3 | 58.76 ± 5.22 c | 1.86 ± 0.22 f | 7.67 ± 0.57 a |
CH-ZS1 | 63.72 ± 4.95 b | 3.09 ± 0.27 b | −1.60 ± 0.38 e |
CH-ZS2 | 60.04 ± 7.48 bc | 2.10 ± 0.35 e | 0.86 ± 0.11 d |
CH-ZS3 | 56.38 ± 3.57 c | 0.96 ± 0.15 g | 6.75 ± 0.53 b |
Materials | Thickness (µm) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Water Vapor Permeability (10−10 g·m−1·h−1·Pa−1) |
---|---|---|---|
CH | 62 ± 4 ab | 4.8 ± 0.7 a | 5.97 ± 0.42 a |
CH-ZA1 | 65 ± 3 a | 4.5 ± 0.5 b | 5.38 ± 0.36 b |
CH-ZA2 | 63 ± 5 ab | 4.1 ± 0.6 cd | 5.04 ± 0.42 cd |
CH-ZA3 | 58 ± 7 c | 4.3 ± 0.3 c | 5.15 ± 0.51 c |
CH-ZS1 | 62 ± 6 ab | 4.0 ± 0.4 d | 5.27 ± 0.18 bc |
CH-ZS2 | 57 ± 5 c | 4.2 ± 0.3 c | 4.96 ± 0.47 cd |
CH-ZS3 | 61 ± 2 b | 4.2 ± 0.8 c | 4.89 ± 0.36 d |
Materials | DPPH | ABTS+ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inhibition (%) | IC50 (µg/mL) | Inhibition (%) | IC50 (µg/mL) | ||
Films | CH | 5.27 ± 1.02 f | - | 6.24 ± 0.82 e | - |
CH-ZA1 | 30.95 ± 4.27 d | - | 32.85 ± 2.67 d | - | |
CH-ZA2 | 35.68 ± 2.99 b | - | 38.64 ± 5.31 b | ||
CH-ZA3 | 38.37 ± 5.74 a | - | 41.57 ± 4.83 a | ||
CH-ZS1 | 28.64 ± 1.58 e | - | 35.46 ± 5.92 c | - | |
CH-ZS2 | 32.90 ± 4.69 c | - | 36.75 ± 2.64 c | - | |
CH-ZS3 | 37.38 ± 2.97 a | - | 40.88 ± 4.27 a | - | |
ZA extracts | 5 µg/mL | 38.01 ± 6.32 e | 22.37 | 40.27 ± 5.23 g | 15.98 |
10 µg/mL | 42.63 ± 2.80 d | 44.32 ± 6.90 f | |||
20 µg/mL | 48.27 ± 5.37 c | 51.09 ± 3.68 e | |||
40 µg/mL | 53.60 ± 9.44 b | 58.14 ± 4.39 d | |||
60 µg/mL | 60.22 ± 4.88 a | 64.02 ± 8.16 c | |||
ZS extracts | 5 µg/mL | 35.90 ± 5.25 f | 24.16 | 33.92 ± 4.46 h | 17.47 |
10 µg/mL | 40.78 ± 2.46 e | 42.01 ± 2.65 gf | |||
20 µg/mL | 48.91 ± 6.53 c | 54.57 ± 6.83 e | |||
40 µg/mL | 55.14 ± 2.88 b | 68.64 ± 5.79 b | |||
60 µg/mL | 58.02 ± 6.96 ab | 78.90 ± 8.63 a |
Materials | Inhibition Zone (mm) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus | P. aeroginosa | E. coli | ||
Films | CH | 2.9 ± 0.7 e | 1.7 ± 0.6 g | 2.1 ± 1.0 g |
CH-ZA1 | 11.2 ± 2.0 d | 9.6 ± 1.8 f | 10.1 ± 2.6 e | |
CH-ZA2 | 12.6 ± 3.3 c | 10.9 ± 2.7 d | 10.6 ± 2.7 d | |
CH-ZA3 | 15.2 ± 2.8 b | 12.2 ± 2.2 c | 12.4 ± 1.3 b | |
CH-ZS1 | 11.6 ± 1.1 d | 10.3 ± 1.6 e | 9.7 ± 2.7 f | |
CH-ZS2 | 14.6 ± 1.8 b | 12.8 ± 3.6 b | 11.5 ± 0.9 c | |
CH-ZS3 | 16.3 ± 3.5 a | 13.9 ± 3.8 a | 14.6 ± 4.1 a | |
ZA extracts | 10 μL | 24.6 ± 2.0 f | 18.0 ± 0.4 e | 16.6 ± 1.2 e |
20 μL | 29.5 ± 3.8 d | 19.5 ± 2.9 d | 19.6 ± 4.7 c | |
30 μL | 32.6 ± 4.5 b | 25.3 ± 3.3 a | 22.1 ± 3.2 b | |
ZS extracts | 10 μL | 26.4 ± 1.2 e | 16.3 ± 1.2 f | 17.6 ± 3.1 d |
20 μL | 31.5 ± 1.3 c | 20.8 ± 3.4 c | 19.9 ± 2.3 c | |
30 μL | 34.8 ± 2.9 a | 23.5 ± 2.6 b | 24.7 ± 1.6 a | |
Antibiotic | Penicillin | 45.5 ± 0.7 | 39.1 ± 7.0 | 9.0 ± 1.0 |
Streptomycin | 38.5± 0.5 | 20.3 ± 0.6 | - | |
Ampicillin | 21.0 ± 0.0 | - | 12.0 ± 1.0 |
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Yang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, H.; Peng, J.; He, Q. Preparation of an Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bio-Polymer Film and Its Application as Glazing Shell for Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple. Foods 2022, 11, 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11070985
Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Dong H, Peng J, He Q. Preparation of an Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bio-Polymer Film and Its Application as Glazing Shell for Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple. Foods. 2022; 11(7):985. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11070985
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Zhaohui, Yalan Zhang, Yihui Zhao, Hao Dong, Jian Peng, and Qi He. 2022. "Preparation of an Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Bio-Polymer Film and Its Application as Glazing Shell for Postharvest Quality of Fresh-Cut Apple" Foods 11, no. 7: 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11070985