Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activities between Sweet and Sour Wampee (Clausena lansium) Fruits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Determination of Titratable Acid and Total Sugar
2.3. Phytochemical Extraction
2.4. Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content
2.5. Determination of Phytochemical Profiles
2.6. Determination of Antioxidant Activities
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Titratable Acid and Total Sugar Contents in Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.2. Total Phenolic Content in Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.3. Total Flavonoid Contents in Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.4. Phytochemical Profiles in Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.5. Total Antioxidant Activities of Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.6. Cellular Antioxidant Activities of Sweet and Sour Wampee Fruits
3.7. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variety | Titratable Acid (TA) (g/100 g FW) | Total Sugar (TS) (g/100 g FW) | TS/TA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sweet wampee | THP | 0.047 ± 0.002 fg | 10.42 ± 0.38 ef | 222.0 ± 14.1 c |
ZFHP | 0.020 ± 0.002 g | 15.99 ± 0.20 b | 817.1 ± 75.7 a | |
CCTP | 0.027 ± 0.005 g | 11.65 ± 0.67 de | 438.6 ± 109.4 b | |
LTDH | 0.049 ± 0.001 fg | 13.90 ± 0.68 c | 283.8 ± 6.4 c | |
TXTP | 0.081 ± 0.003 f | 17.71 ± 0.73 a | 218.1 ± 15.9 c | |
Sour wampee | M3H | 0.927 ± 0.010 b | 10.16 ± 1.71 f | 10.97 ± 1.89 d |
JZP | 0.719 ± 0.060 e | 12.84 ± 0.39 cd | 17.92 ± 1.17 d | |
M4H | 1.220 ± 0.030 a | 12.12 ± 0.22 d | 9.940 ± 0.150 d | |
TXSP | 0.770 ± 0.010 d | 12.33 ± 0.87 d | 16.01 ± 1.31 d | |
JXHP | 0.839 ± 0.020 c | 8.810 ± 0.490 g | 10.50 ± 0.35 d |
Syringin | Rutin | Benzoic acid | 2-Methoxycinnamic acid | Kaempferol | Hesperetin | Nobiletin | Tangeretin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
THP | ND | 63.54 ± 1.59 c | ND | ND | ND | 1.060 ± 0.010 h | 3.120 ± 0.080 g | 6.570 ± 0.020 e |
ZFHP | ND | 41.25 ± 0.85 g | ND | ND | ND | 1.110 ± 0.020 g | 2.600 ± 0.02 i | 5.620 ± 0.040 f |
CCTP | ND | 38.41 ± 0.36 g | ND | ND | ND | 1.050 ± 0.010 g | 9.520 ± 0.060 b | 13.79 ± 0.02 c |
LTDH | ND | 59.01 ± 0.19 de | ND | ND | ND | 1.150 ± 0.010 f | 8.890 ± 0.060 c | 14.87 ± 0.09 a |
TXTP | ND | 70.97 ± 5.74 a | ND | ND | ND | 1.580 ± 0.010 c | 11.78 ± 0.08 a | ND |
M3H | 0.11 ± 0.01 c | 68.14 ± 0.43 ab | ND | ND | 2.290 ± 0.030 a | 1.790 ± 0.010 b | 4.440 ± 0.320 e | 6.880 ± 0.020 d |
JZP | 1.05 ± 0.09 b | 55.79 ± 4.78 ef | 27.87 ± 1.49 b | 4.370 ± 0.290 a | 1.090 ± 0.040 c | 1.180 ± 0.030 e | 2.810 ± 0.170 h | 3.840 ± 0.420 h |
M4H | 0.24 ± 0.03 c | 53.04 ± 0.95 f | ND | ND | ND | 1.330 ± 0.010 d | 6.500 ± 0.050 d | 14.21 ± 0.10 b |
TXSP | 1.53 ± 0.01 a | 61.84 ± 7.17 cd | ND | ND | ND | 1.100 ± 0.020 g | 3.740 ± 0.240 f | ND |
JXHP | 0.98 ± 0.08 b | 65.68 ± 0.72 bc | 35.01 ± 1.51 a | 2.910 ± 0.150 b | 2.070 ± 0.001 b | 2.090 ± 0.010 a | 3.910 ± 0.020 f | 4.820 ± 0.080 g |
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Chang, X.; Ye, Y.; Pan, J.; Lin, Z.; Qiu, J.; Peng, C.; Guo, X.; Lu, Y. Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activities between Sweet and Sour Wampee (Clausena lansium) Fruits. Foods 2022, 11, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091230
Chang X, Ye Y, Pan J, Lin Z, Qiu J, Peng C, Guo X, Lu Y. Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activities between Sweet and Sour Wampee (Clausena lansium) Fruits. Foods. 2022; 11(9):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091230
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Xiaoxiao, Yutong Ye, Jianping Pan, Zhixiong Lin, Jishui Qiu, Cheng Peng, Xinbo Guo, and Yusheng Lu. 2022. "Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activities between Sweet and Sour Wampee (Clausena lansium) Fruits" Foods 11, no. 9: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091230