Probiotic Yeasts and How to Find Them—Polish Wines of Spontaneous Fermentation as Source for Potentially Probiotic Yeasts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Yeast Strains
Yeast Identification
2.2. Evaluation of Potentially Probiotic Traits
2.2.1. Survival and Growth at 37 °C
2.2.2. Survival and Growth under Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions
concentration of living cells before in vitro digestion × 100%
2.2.3. Hydrophobicity of Cell Surface
2.2.4. Autoaggregation Assay
2.2.5. Antioxidant Activity
2.2.6. Antimicrobial Activity
2.3. Traits Related to Safety and Virulence
2.3.1. Hemolytic Activity
2.3.2. Biogenic Amine Production
2.4. Enzymatic Activity
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Yeast Identification
3.2. Evaluation of Potentially Probiotic Traits
3.2.1. Survival and Growth at 37 °C
3.2.2. Survival and Growth under Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions
3.2.3. Hydrophobicity of Cell Surface
3.2.4. Autoaggregation Assay
3.2.5. Antioxidant Activity
3.2.6. Antimicrobial Activity
3.3. Traits Related to Safety and Virulence
3.3.1. Hemolytic Activity
3.3.2. Biogenic Amine Production
3.4. Enzymatic Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Number | Species | Code Name | Vineyard 1 |
---|---|---|---|
01 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 01_Metsch_pulcherrima | DB |
02 | Starmerella bacillaris | 02_Starm_bacillaris | DB |
03 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 03_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
04 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 04_Hans_uvarum | DB |
05 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 05_Hans_uvarum | DB |
06 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 06_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
07 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 07_Hans_uvarum | DB |
08 | Starmerella bacillaris | 08_Starm_bacillaris | DB |
09 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 09_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
10 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 10_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
11 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 11_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
12 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 12_Hans_uvarum | DB |
13 | Metschnikowia ziziphicola | 13_Metsch_ziziphicola | MD |
14 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 14_Hans_uvarum | MD |
15 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 15_Hans_uvarum | MD |
16 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 16_Hans_uvarum | MD |
17 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 17_Metsch_pulcherrima | MD |
18 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 18_Metsch_pulcherrima | MD |
19 | Starmerella bacillaris | 19_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
20 | Starmerella bacillaris | 20_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
21 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 21_Metsch_pulcherrima | MD |
22 | Starmerella bacillaris | 22_Starm_bacillaris | WJ |
23 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 23_Hans_uvarum | WJ |
24 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 24_Hans_uvarum | WJ |
25 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 25_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
26 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 26_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
27 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 27_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
31 | Starmerella bacillaris | 31_Starm_bacillaris | DB |
32 | Pichia kluyveri | 32_Pich_kluyveri | DB |
33 | Hanseniaspora uvarum | 33_Hans_uvarum | DB |
34 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 34_Metsch_pulcherrima | DB |
35 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 35_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
36 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 36_Metsch_pulcherrima | DB |
37 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 37_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
38 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 38_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
39 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 39_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
40 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 40_Sacch_cerevisiae | DB |
41 | Starmerella bacillaris | 41_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
42 | Starmerella bacillaris | 42_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
43 | Starmerella bacillaris | 43_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
44 | Pichia kluyveri | 44_Pich_kluyveri | MD |
45 | Starmerella bacillaris | 45_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
46 | Metschnikowia pulcherrima | 46_Metsch_pulcherrima | MD |
47 | Starmerella bacillaris | 47_Starm_bacillaris | MD |
- | Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bouardi | Sacch_boulardi | - |
Enzyme | 13 1 | 15 1 | 16 1 | 17 1 | 27 1 | 32 1 | 33 1 | 34 1 | 35 1 | 36 1 | 37 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipase (C14) | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Leucine arylamidase | - | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
Valine arylamidase | - | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | - | + | + |
Cystine arylamidase | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | + | - |
Chymotrypsin | - | + | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | + | - |
Acid phosphatase | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - |
β-Galactosidase | + | - | + | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - |
α-Glucosidase | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
β-Glucosidase | + | - | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + |
N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - |
α-Mannosidase | - | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
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Staniszewski, A.; Kordowska-Wiater, M. Probiotic Yeasts and How to Find Them—Polish Wines of Spontaneous Fermentation as Source for Potentially Probiotic Yeasts. Foods 2023, 12, 3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183392
Staniszewski A, Kordowska-Wiater M. Probiotic Yeasts and How to Find Them—Polish Wines of Spontaneous Fermentation as Source for Potentially Probiotic Yeasts. Foods. 2023; 12(18):3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183392
Chicago/Turabian StyleStaniszewski, Adam, and Monika Kordowska-Wiater. 2023. "Probiotic Yeasts and How to Find Them—Polish Wines of Spontaneous Fermentation as Source for Potentially Probiotic Yeasts" Foods 12, no. 18: 3392. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183392