Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy–Water–Food Nexus Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Food Demand Profiling
2.2. Local Food Supply Profiling
2.3. International Food Supply Profiling (Imports) and Food Shares by Origin
2.4. Food Self-Sustainability
2.5. Water and Energy for Food
- Groundwater is in finite supply and depleting;
- Desalinated water is costly and, thus, the cost would be transferred to the consumer when purchasing the food products.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Food Demand Profiling
3.2. Local Food Supply Profiling
3.3. International Food Supply Profiling
3.4. Water and Energy Profiling
4. Discussion and Conclusions
- For cereals, to secure strategic cereal reservoirs to increase the food security level of this category. The capacity of these reservoirs could be sized to match the additional required local food ( within a period that is defined by the production-to-expiry dates of the cereal products).
- For the meat, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products, it is recommended to size water treatment plants to fulfill the water demands for the existing local supplies ( ) as well as for the to-be added food supplies to achieve food self-sustainability (.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Food Category | Year | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
Cereals [tone] | 478,022 | 692,891 | 410,644 | 586,720 | 561,578 | 491,140 | 0.543 |
Fruits [tone] | 187,912 | 265,962 | 221,651 | 274,004 | 288,833 | 284,471 | 8.647 |
Vegetables [tone] | 425,649 | 435,583 | 338,803 | 512,863 | 474,180 | 468,688 | 1.945 |
Meat [tone] | 173,665 | 376,732 | 232,597 | 233,803 | 304,136 | 231,576 | 5.924 |
Dairy products [tone] | 248,392 | 231,946 | 209,458 | 334,412 | 274,481 | 276,353 | 2.156 |
Egg products [tone] | 32,526 | 37,762 | 42,412 | 44,387 | 50,383 | 47,967 | 8.079 |
Fish [tone] | 47,069 | 51,575 | 48,426 | 49,243 | 53,382 | 48,855 | 0.748 |
Food Category | Year | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
Cereals [tone] | 1844 | 2573 | 3106 | 1980 | 3307 | 22.75413 |
Fruits [tone] | 29,795 | 28,975 | 29,277 | 26,400 | 26,914 | −2.39743 |
Vegetables [tone] | 53,599 | 55,579 | 74,650 | 91,470 | 103,693 | 18.47552 |
Meat [tone] | 183,988 | 24,805 | 36,036 | 32,555 | 46,124 | −2.30513 |
Dairy products [tone] | 62,061 | 56,146 | 226,408 | 199,926 | 206,683 | 71.35022 |
Egg products [tone] | 4962 | 5753 | 8372 | 7943 | 9358 | 18.53886 |
Fish [tone] | 14,513 | 15,358 | 14,665 | 16,938 | 15,087 | 1.470364 |
Food Category | Designated Local Agricultural Area [1000 ha] |
---|---|
Cereals | 0.3 |
Fruits | 2.1 |
Vegetables | 2.7 |
Meat, dairy, and egg products | 5.9 |
Total | 11.0 |
Food Category | [%] [44] | [44] | [44] | [1000 kg] [36] | [m3 Water/kg Crop] | [kWh/kg Crop] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cereals and flour | 51 | 137.34 | 11.45 | 1844 | 74.48 | 89.376 |
Fruits and sugar | 6 | 16.16 | 1.35 | 29,795 | 0.54 | 0.648 |
Vegetables | 11 | 29.62 | 2.47 | 53,599 | 0.55 | 0.66 |
Meat | 13 | 35.01 | 2.9 | 183,988 | 0.19 | 0.228 |
Dairy products | 17 | 45.78 | 3.81 | 62,061 | 0.74 | 0.888 |
Egg products | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4962 | 0.00 | 0 |
Fish | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14,513 | 0.00 | 0 |
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Alrebei, O.F.; Al-Ansari, T.; Al-Kuwari, M.S.; Amhamed, A. Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy–Water–Food Nexus Approach. Foods 2023, 12, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020230
Alrebei OF, Al-Ansari T, Al-Kuwari MS, Amhamed A. Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy–Water–Food Nexus Approach. Foods. 2023; 12(2):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020230
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlrebei, Odi Fawwaz, Tareq Al-Ansari, Mohammad S. Al-Kuwari, and Abdulkarem Amhamed. 2023. "Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy–Water–Food Nexus Approach" Foods 12, no. 2: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020230
APA StyleAlrebei, O. F., Al-Ansari, T., Al-Kuwari, M. S., & Amhamed, A. (2023). Evaluating the Food Profile in Qatar within the Energy–Water–Food Nexus Approach. Foods, 12(2), 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12020230