Alginate Based Core–Shell Capsules Production through Coextrusion Methods: Recent Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oil and Essential Oil Encapsulation
2.1. Reduced Oxidation
2.2. Reduced Evaporation and Release
2.3. Reduced Taste
3. Probiotics Encapsulation
Shell and/or Coating Material | Probiotics | Prebiotics | Parameters | Capsules Size (µm) | EE (%) | SGC (ph, Duration) | Survivability (%) | Refs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encapsulated Probiotics | Free Probiotics | ||||||||
Alginate | Lactobacillus acidophilus | Apple skin Polyphenols | Frequency: 2723 Hz | 423–486 | 96.7 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) | 73.9 | 54.1 | [80] |
Alginate | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | Inulin | Inner/outer nozzle: 150/300 µm, Frequency: 300 Hz, Air pressure: 600 mbar | 685 | 95 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 5 h) | 92.0 97.5 | 88.4 94.5 | [65] |
Alginate | Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 | Galacto-oligosaccharides | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm, Frequency: 300 Hz, Air pressure: 600 mbar | 736 | 94 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 5 h) | 91.3 82 | 80.5 75.0 | [83] |
Alginate–low-methoxylated | Bifidobacterium infantis | / | Inner/outer nozzle:150/300 µm | 520–568 | ND | ND | ND | ND | [74] |
Alginate/pectin | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Black bean extract | Inner/outer nozzle: 150/300 µm, Frequency: 500 mL, Air pressure: 300 Hz | 715 | 98.3 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.4, 4 h) | 94.1 79.9 | 90.1 62.5 | [72] |
Alginate/chitosan | Lactobacillus plantarum 299v | Oligofructose | Inner/outer nozzle: 150/300 µm, Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 648–790 | 93.0 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 5 h) | 97.0 85.0 | 80.0 75.0 | [73] |
Alginate–chitosan | Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 | Mannitol | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 800 | 89.2 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 3 h) | 97.3 86.7 | 74 97.5 | [84] |
Alginate–chitosan | Lactobacillus plantarum 299v | / | Inner/outer nozzle: 150/300 µm Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 620 | 97.7 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.2, 4 h) | 97.0 95.5 | 93.5 0.0 | [85] |
Alginate– chitosan | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Flaxseed mucilage | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm, Inner/outer rate: 1.0/7.8 mL/min | 780 | 98.8 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.0, 4 h) | 84.9 93.2 | 35.4 47.9 | [82] |
Alginate– chitosan | Lactobacillus acidophilus 5 | Isomalto-oligosaccharide | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm, Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 616 | 92.2 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.2, 2 h) | 60.9 0.0 | 0.0 0.0 | [86] |
Alginate– alginate/shellac | Lactobacillus paracasei BGP-1 in sunflower oil/coconut fat | / | Inner/outer nozzle: 450/700 µm, Inner/outer rate: 2/16 mL/min, Frequency: 100 Hz | 710–860 | ND | SGF (pH 1.8, 2 h) SIF (pH 6.5, 3 h) | 95.0 100 | 50.0 70.0 | [61] |
Alginate–Alginate/Shellac | Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 in sunflower oil | / | Inner/outer nozzle: 450/700 µm, Inner/outer rate: 2/16 mL/min Frequency: 100 Hz | 690–760 | ND | SGF (pH 1.8, 2 h) SIF (pH 6.5, 3 h) | 92.0 93.0 | ND ND | [71] |
Alginate–Alginate/Poly-L-lysine | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | Isomalto-oligosaccharide | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm, Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 491–541 | 90.4 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 2 h) | 75.0 0.0 | 39.2 0.0 | [78] |
Alginate/locust bean gum | Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM | Mannitol | Inner/outer nozzle: 200/300 µm, Air pressure: 600 mbar, Frequency: 300 Hz | 550–700 | 96.8 | SGF (pH 2, 2 h) SIF (pH 7.5, 3 h) | 78.4 70.2 | 64.9 0.0 | [59] |
4. Encapsulation of Other Ingredients
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Shell and/or Coating Material | Oil/Essential Oil | Key Parameters of the Coextrusion Method | Average Capsule Size (µm) | Treatment Post Encapsulation | EE (%) | Load (%) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alginate | Olive | Frequency: 1706 Hz | ND | None | ND | ND | [31] |
Alginate | Canola | Inner/Outer rate: 30/200 mL/h Outer nozzle: 200 µm Frequency: 1750 Hz | 400 | pH treatment, freeze drying | ND | 55.2 | [32] |
Alginate | Rosemary EO | Inner/Outer nozzle: 200/400 µm Inner/Outer rate: 900/300 mL/h Frequency: 350 Hz | 950 (756 dried) | Oven-drying (60 °C for 2 h) | ND | ND | [33] |
Alginate | Fish oil | Frequency: 1300 Hz | 600 | None | ND | ND | [34] |
Alginate | Sunflower | Inner/Outer nozzle: 750/900 µm Inner/Outer rate: 14,55/34 mL/min. | 2060 | None | ND | 37 | [35] |
Alginate | Sunflower (emulsion with CaCl2) | Inner/Outer nozzle: 400/600 µm | 800 | None | ND | ND | [36,37] |
Alginate | Linseed | Dripping height: 5 cm | ND | None | 91 | 38.4 | [37] |
Alginate | Rapeseed | Dripping height: 5 cm | ND | None | 91.6 | 39.9 | [37] |
Alginate–Soy protein isolate | Sunflower + β-carotene | Inner/Outer nozzle: 150/300 µm Inner/Outer rate: 120/400 mL/h Frequency: 1000 Hz | 567 | None | 99.2 | 82.8 | [38] |
Alginate–HPMC | Avocado | Frequency: 1706 Hz | 323–416 | Freeze-drying | 68 | ND | [39] |
Alginate–HMP | Roselle seed | Inner/Outer nozzle: 300/400 µm Frequency: 300 Hz Air pressure: 600 mbar | ND | Oven-drying | ND | 95 | [40] |
Alginate–HMP | Kenaf seed | Inner/Outer nozzle: 150/300 µm Inner/Outer rate: 0.2/7 mL/min Air pressure: 600 mbar | 900 (500 dried) | Air-drying–Freeze-drying | 33–67 | ND | [41,42] |
Alginate–HMP | Kenaf seed | Inner/Outer nozzle: 200/300 µm Frequency: 500 Hz | 700–920 (330–500 dried) | Freeze-drying | 63 | ND | [43] |
Alginate- low or high amylose content starch | Canola | Inner/Outer rate: 30/200 mL/h Outer nozzle: 200 µm Frequency: 1750 Hz | 310–380 | pH treatment Freeze-drying | ND | 58 | [44] |
HMP alginate/chitosan | Kenaf seed | Inner/Outer nozzle: 200/300 µm Inner/Outer rate: 0.2/7 mL/min Frequency: 500 Hz | 475–775 | Oven-drying (50 °C for 2 h) | 33–65 | ND | [45] |
Alginate-HMP-chitosan | Kenaf seed | Inner/Outer nozzle: 200/300 µm Frequency: 500 Hz | ND | Freeze-drying | ND | ND | [46] |
Alginate/κ-carrageenan/ chitosan | Ginger oil | Inner/Outer nozzle: 450/900 µm Frequency: 40 Hz Air pressure: 400 mbar | 1600 µm | None | 85 | 76 | [47] |
Shell and/or Coating Material | Oil/Essential Oil | Antioxidant | Oxidation Indicators | Storage Conditions | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Free Oil/Essential Oil | Encapsulated | |||||
Alginate | Olive | Caffeic acid (300 ppm) | PV> 16 meq/kg p-AV > 3.2 FFA > 0.12% | PV < 14 meq/kg p-AV < 2.5 FFA <0.14% | 30 days at 37 °C | [31] |
Alginate | Canola | Quercetin (200 ppm) | PV> 16 meq/kg p-AV > 3.90 FFA > 0.21% | PV < 10.2 meq/kg p-AV < 2.99 FFA < 0.23% | 60 days at 38°C | [32] |
Alginate | Fish oil | / | PV> 11.3 meq/kg, p-AV > 11.7 DHA loss 2.72% EPA loss 0.84% | PV < 4.8 meq/kg, p-AV < 6.7 DHA reduction 0.68% EPA reduction 0.74% | 17 days at 37 °C | [34] |
Alginate | Linseed | / | PV > 65 meq/kg, p-AV > 9.33 FFA > 1.22 | PV < 48.26 meq/kg, p-AV < 5.06 FFA < 1.26 | 4 weeks at 40 °C | [37] |
Alginate | Rapeseed | / | PV > 65 meq/kg p-AV > 11.30 FFA > 0.30 | PV < 20.77 meq/kg p-AV < 6.99 FFA 0.32 | 4 weeks at 40 °C | [37] |
Alginate | Ginger | / | PV > 23 meq/kg p-AV > 34 TBARS: 5.8 mg MDA/kg | PV > 21 meq/kg p-AV > 40 TBARS: 5.8 mg MDA/kg | 15 days at 4 °C | [47] |
Alginate–HPMC | Avocado | Phloridzin or BHT (300 ppm) | Totox: 25.4 | Totox: 18.0/19.7 | 90 days at 37 °C | [39] |
Alginate–HMP | Roselle seed | / | PHY loss: 35% TOCO loss: 34.6% | PHY loss: 13.78% TOCO loss: 87.6 | 24 days at 65 °C | [40] |
Alginate–HMP | Kenaf seed | / | PV> 11.3 meq/kg, p-AV > 11.7 FFA > 1.6 | PV < 4.8 meq/kg, p-AV < 6.7 FFA < 1.41 | 24 days at 65 °C | [41,42] |
Alginate–HMP | Kenaf seed | / | PHY loss: 59.7% TOCO loss: 51.2% | PHY loss: 32.8% TOCO loss: 12.9% | 24 days at 65 °C | [43] |
Alginate–low- or high-amylose-content starch | Canola | Quercetin, Vitamin E or BHT (200 ppm) | PV> 16.4 meq/kg p-AV > 3.90 FFA > 0.22% | PV < 10.8 meq/kg, p-AV < 4.19 FFA < 0.19% | 60 days at 38 °C | [44] |
Alginate–κ-carrageenan | Ginger | / | PV > 23 meq/kg p-AV > 34 TBARS: 5.8 mg MDA/kg | PV > 16 meq/kg p-AV > 25 TBARS: 4.86 mg MDA/kg | 15 days at 4 °C | [47] |
Alginate–κ-carrageenan–chitosan | Ginger | / | PV > 23 meq/kg p-AV > 34 TBARS: 5.8 mg MDA/kg | PV > 15 meq/kg p-AV > 16 TBARS: 4.44 mg MDA/kg | 15 days at 4 °C | [47] |
Alginate–HMP–chitosan | Kenaf seed | / | PV> 10.1 meq/kg, p-AV > 20.2 FFA > 2.26% | PV < 3.9 meq/kg, p-AV < 15.94 FFA < 1.72% | 24 days at 65 °C | [46] |
Alginate–chitosan | Ginger | PV > 23 meq/kg p-AV > 34 | PV > 19 meq/kg p-AV > 26 TBARS: 5.2 mg MDA/kg | 15 days at 4 °C | [47] |
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Bennacef, C.; Desobry, S.; Probst, L.; Desobry-Banon, S. Alginate Based Core–Shell Capsules Production through Coextrusion Methods: Recent Applications. Foods 2023, 12, 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091788
Bennacef C, Desobry S, Probst L, Desobry-Banon S. Alginate Based Core–Shell Capsules Production through Coextrusion Methods: Recent Applications. Foods. 2023; 12(9):1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091788
Chicago/Turabian StyleBennacef, Chanez, Stéphane Desobry, Laurent Probst, and Sylvie Desobry-Banon. 2023. "Alginate Based Core–Shell Capsules Production through Coextrusion Methods: Recent Applications" Foods 12, no. 9: 1788. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12091788