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Article

Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism

by
Yanhui Liu
1,2,†,
Xin Tang
3,†,
Huazhen Zhang
1,
Linyan Zheng
1,
Ping Lai
1,
Chang Guo
1,
Jingfan Ma
1,
Hongbo Chen
3,4,* and
Longxin Qiu
1,2,*
1
The Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
2
Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
3
The Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
4
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Foods 2024, 13(12), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121842
Submission received: 25 April 2024 / Revised: 1 June 2024 / Accepted: 6 June 2024 / Published: 12 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Foods and Their Benefits for Health Regulation)
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Abstract

Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-O) is an important component of tea tree oil and has anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which T-4-O improves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation. In this study, LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were used as a model to analyze the effects of T-4-O on macrophage inflammatory factors and related metabolic pathways in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that T-4-O significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Cellular metabolism results showed that T-4-O significantly decreased the ratio of the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate. Non-targeted metabolomics results showed that T-4-O mainly affected glutamine and glutamate metabolism and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. qPCR results showed that T-4-O increased the transcript levels of GLS and GDH and promoted glutamine catabolism. Western blotting results showed that T-4-O inhibited the mTOR and IκB, thereby decreasing NF-κB activity. The overall results showed that T-4-O inhibited mTOR phosphorylation to promote glutamine metabolism and increased cell oxidative phosphorylation levels, thereby inhibiting the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines.
Keywords: terpinen-4-ol; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); inflammatory cytokines; non-targeted metabolomics; glutamine terpinen-4-ol; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); inflammatory cytokines; non-targeted metabolomics; glutamine

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, Y.; Tang, X.; Zhang, H.; Zheng, L.; Lai, P.; Guo, C.; Ma, J.; Chen, H.; Qiu, L. Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism. Foods 2024, 13, 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121842

AMA Style

Liu Y, Tang X, Zhang H, Zheng L, Lai P, Guo C, Ma J, Chen H, Qiu L. Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism. Foods. 2024; 13(12):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121842

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Yanhui, Xin Tang, Huazhen Zhang, Linyan Zheng, Ping Lai, Chang Guo, Jingfan Ma, Hongbo Chen, and Longxin Qiu. 2024. "Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism" Foods 13, no. 12: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121842

APA Style

Liu, Y., Tang, X., Zhang, H., Zheng, L., Lai, P., Guo, C., Ma, J., Chen, H., & Qiu, L. (2024). Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism. Foods, 13(12), 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13121842

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