Influence of the Crystal Forms of Calcium Carbonate on the Preparation and Characteristics of Indigo Carmine-Calcium Carbonate Lake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Preparation of Calcium Carbonate with Different Crystalline Forms
- Calcite: A mixture of 150 mL of 0.2 mol/L CaCl2 and 150 mL of 0.2 mol/L Na2CO3 was stirred at 600 r/min at ambient temperature for 30 min. The resulting solution was centrifuged (5000 r/min for 5 min) to obtain sediment. The sediment was then dried in an oven at 45 °C for 12 h and ground to obtain IC—calcite lake.
- Aragonite: 150 mL of 0.2 mol/L CaCl2 and 150 mL of 0.2 mol/L Na2CO3 were preheated to 80 °C in a water bath, respectively. After rapid mixing, the solution was centrifuged (5000 r/min for 5 min) to obtain sediment. The sediment was dried in an oven at 45 °C for 12 h and ground to obtain IC—aragonite lake.
- Vaterite: A mixture of 150 mL of 0.1 mol/L CaCl2 (60% DI water + 40% ethanol) and 150 mL of 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3 solution (60% DI water + 40% ethanol) was stirred at 600 r/min at ambient temperature for 30 min. After centrifuging the solution at 5000 r/min for 5 min to obtain sediment, the sediment was dried in an oven at 45 °C for 12 h and ground to obtain IC—vaterite lake.
- ACC: A rapid mixture of 20 mL of 0.1 mol/L CaCl2 solution, 20 mL of 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3 solution, and 40 mL of ethanol was introduced into the filter cup of a vacuum membrane filtration set. After agitating the filter cup until many particles appeared in the reaction solution, a 250 mL of ethanol was rapidly added and vacuum-filtered. The resulting solid residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 45 °C for 12 h, and ground to obtain IC—ACC lake.
2.3. Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Colorant Lakes
2.4. Characterization of CaCO3 and Its Colorant Lakes
2.5. Kinetic Analysis of Adsorption
2.6. Isothermal Analysis of Adsorption
2.7. FTIR Analysis
2.8. Raman Spectra Analysis
2.9. TGA-DSC Analysis
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of CaCO3 and Colorant Lakes
3.2. Kinetic Adsorption Analysis
3.3. Isothermal Adsorption Analysis
3.4. FTIR Analysis
3.5. Raman Analysis
3.6. TGA-DSC Analysis
3.7. EDS Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Zeta Potential (mV) | Average Diameter (μm) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Δb* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Calcite | −21.57 ± 0.76 h | 6.116 ± 0.27 c | 3.985 ± 0.035 j | - |
Calcite Lake (50 mg) | −21.33 ± 1.04 h | 5.794 ± 0.10 d | 3.829 ± 0.159 j | 0.01 ± 0.095 c |
Calcite Lake (200 mg) | −15.27 ± 0.87 f | 6.459 ± 0.01 b | 2.905 ± 0.145 k | 0.07 ± 0.026 b |
Calcite Lake (500 mg) | −10.16 ± 0.73 e | 4.549 ± 0.13 f | 3.831 ± 0.081 j | 0.07 ± 0.045 b |
Aragonite | −5.867 ± 0.67 c | 7.564 ± 0.06 a | 3.841 ± 0.021 j | - |
Aragonite Lake (50 mg) | 2.25 ± 0.30 a | 4.486 ± 2.31 f | 5.079 ± 0.119 h | 0.04 ± 0.005 c |
Aragonite Lake (200 mg) | 3.53 ± 0.60 a | 4.080 ± 3.93 g | 4.449 ± 0.029 i | −0.03 ± 0.015 c |
Aragonite Lake (500 mg) | −0.621 ± 0.91 b | 4.831 ± 0.05 e | 5.086 ± 0.074 h | −0.10 ± 0.030 c |
Vaterite | −8.79 ± 0.54 d | 3.188 ± 0.10 h | 7.432 ± 0.082 g | - |
Vaterite Lake (25 mg) | −10.05 ± 0.46 e | 6.655 ± 0.03 b | 8.036 ± 0.024 f | 0.08 ± 0.003 b |
Vaterite Lake (100 mg) | −9.51 ± 0.25 e | 4.272 ± 0.02 f | 8.182 ± 0.032 f | −0.08 ± 0.015 d |
Vaterite Lake (250 mg) | −19.07 ± 0.78 g | 2.324 ± 0.01 j | 12.042 ± 0.052 e | −0.14 ± 0.010 e |
ACC | −1.00 ± 0.72 b | 0.368 ± 0.02 k | 36.038 ± 0.058 b | - |
ACC Lake (3.3 mg) | 2.74 ± 0.54 a | 0.175 ± 0.01 l | 38.375 ± 0.045 a | −0.06 ± 0.105 d |
ACC Lake (13.3 mg) | 2.96 ± 0.81 a | 0.524 ± 0.02 k | 32.029 ± 0.068 c | −0.04 ± 0.020 d |
ACC Lake (33.3 mg) | 0.34 ± 1.21 b | 0.391 ± 0.01 k | 29.249 ± 0.259 d | −0.10 ± 0.030 d |
IC | - | - | - | 0.14 ± 0.020 a |
Calcite + IC * | - | - | - | −0.08 ± 0.133 d |
Aragonite + IC * | - | - | - | 0.07 ± 0.023 b |
Vaterite + IC * | - | - | - | −0.17 ± 0.035 e |
ACC + IC * | - | - | - | 0.17 ± 0.017 a |
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Jing, L.; Liu, Y.; Cui, J.; Ma, J.; Yuan, D.; Wang, C. Influence of the Crystal Forms of Calcium Carbonate on the Preparation and Characteristics of Indigo Carmine-Calcium Carbonate Lake. Foods 2024, 13, 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162607
Jing L, Liu Y, Cui J, Ma J, Yuan D, Wang C. Influence of the Crystal Forms of Calcium Carbonate on the Preparation and Characteristics of Indigo Carmine-Calcium Carbonate Lake. Foods. 2024; 13(16):2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162607
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing, Le, Yuhan Liu, Jiaqi Cui, Jinghan Ma, Dongdong Yuan, and Chengtao Wang. 2024. "Influence of the Crystal Forms of Calcium Carbonate on the Preparation and Characteristics of Indigo Carmine-Calcium Carbonate Lake" Foods 13, no. 16: 2607. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13162607