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Open AccessArticle
Protocatechuic Acid from Euonymus Alatus Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice
by
Yoonsu Kim
Yoonsu Kim 1,†,
Minjung Cho
Minjung Cho 1,†,
Jeong Soon Lee
Jeong Soon Lee 2,
Jisun Oh
Jisun Oh 3,* and
Jinkyu Lim
Jinkyu Lim 4,*
1
Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
2
Forest Environment Research Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju 38174, Republic of Korea
3
New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
4
School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Foods 2024, 13(17), 2664; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172664 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 1 August 2024
/
Revised: 21 August 2024
/
Accepted: 22 August 2024
/
Published: 23 August 2024
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders owing to the aging population worldwide poses substantial challenges. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a compound found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains, using a scopolamine-induced hypomnesia mouse model. Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered PCA at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for two weeks, along with intraperitoneal injections of scopolamine. Learning and memory abilities were assessed using the passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and Y-maze behavioral assays. Biochemical analyses evaluated the levels of oxidative stress markers, including 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the blood and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain, as well as phase II antioxidant proteins in the hippocampus. Histological examination was conducted to determine hippocampal integrity. Our results demonstrated that PCA administration at 10 mg/kg body weight per day or higher for two weeks (i) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments, as evidenced by improved performance in behavioral tasks, (ii) reduced plasma 8-OHdG levels and cerebral MDA levels in a dose-dependent manner, (iii) increased antioxidant protein expressions in the hippocampal tissue, and (iv) mitigated histological damage in the hippocampal region of the brain. These findings suggest that oral administration of PCA provides neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-induced learning and memory impairments, possibly through upregulating antioxidant machinery. Therefore, PCA may serve as a promising dietary supplement for mitigating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kim, Y.; Cho, M.; Lee, J.S.; Oh, J.; Lim, J.
Protocatechuic Acid from Euonymus Alatus Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Foods 2024, 13, 2664.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172664
AMA Style
Kim Y, Cho M, Lee JS, Oh J, Lim J.
Protocatechuic Acid from Euonymus Alatus Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2664.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172664
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kim, Yoonsu, Minjung Cho, Jeong Soon Lee, Jisun Oh, and Jinkyu Lim.
2024. "Protocatechuic Acid from Euonymus Alatus Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice" Foods 13, no. 17: 2664.
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172664
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