Enzymatic Interesterification of Coconut and Hemp Oil Mixtures to Obtain Modified Structured Lipids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Chemicals
2.2. Enzymatic Interesterification
2.3. Determination of Fatty Acid Composition
2.4. Determination of Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids on sn-2 and sn-1,3 Positions of TAGs
- sn-1,3 is the content of a given fatty acid in sn-1 and sn-3 positions [%];
- FA in TAG is the content of the given fatty acid in the starting triacylglycerols (TAGs) [%];
- FA in sn-2 MAG is the content of the given fatty acid in sn-2 monoacylglycerols (MAGs) [%].
2.5. Determination of Acid Value
2.6. Determination of Peroxide Value
2.7. Determination of Oxidation Time
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fatty Acid Composition of Oil Samples
3.2. Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids on sn-2 and sn-1,3 Positions of Triacylglycerols
3.3. Acid Value of Oil Samples
3.4. Peroxide Value
3.5. Oxidation Time
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acid | Oil Type | Composition [%] | Distribution [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
C12:0 | TAG | sn-1,3 | sn-2 | |
CO25HO75 0 | 8.99 ± 0.21 d | 0.64 ± 1.12 f | 95.15 ± 8.40 a | |
CO25HO75 2 | 9.26 ± 0.62 d | 4.88 ± 1.63 de | 65.15 ± 9.37 b | |
CO25HO75 6 | 8.99 ± 0.61 d | 3.38 ± 1.07 ef | 75.13 ± 6.26 b | |
CO50HO50 0 | 19.21 ± 1.28 c | 7.43 ± 2.14 d | 74.42 ± 5.72 b | |
CO50HO50 2 | 20.31 ± 0.61 c | 12.94 ± 0.72 c | 57.54 ± 1.07 cd | |
CO50HO50 6 | 18.97 ± 1.03 c | 11.69 ± 2.12 c | 59.06 ± 5.23 cd | |
CO75HO25 0 | 28.56 ± 1.65 ab | 18.25 ± 2.39 b | 57.49 ± 3.13 cd | |
CO75HO25 2 | 29.74 ± 1.23 a | 21.65 ± 0.68 b | 51.38 ± 3.55 d | |
CO75HO25 6 | 26.61 ± 0.63 b | 25.93 ± 1.22 a | 35.05 ± 1.52 e | |
C14:0 | CO25HO75 0 | 4.69 ± 0.02 d | 4.14 ± 0.20 e | 41.18 ± 2.70 a |
CO25HO75 2 | 4.63 ± 0.09 d | 4.78 ± 0.06 e | 31.20 ± 0.50 bc | |
CO25HO75 6 | 4.42 ± 0.20 d | 4.01 ± 0.3 e | 39.62 ± 2.90 a | |
CO50HO50 0 | 9.03 ± 0.24 c | 9.78 ± 0.36 cd | 27.79 ± 0.76 cd | |
CO50HO50 2 | 9.36 ± 0.30 c | 10.64 ± 0.48 c | 24.26 ± 0.98 e | |
CO50HO50 6 | 9.32 ± 0.20 c | 9.23 ± 0.41 d | 34.01 ± 1.51b b | |
CO75HO25 0 | 15.29 ± 0.57 a | 17.31 ± 0.81 a | 24.55 ± 0.70 de | |
CO75HO25 2 | 13.90 ± 0.38 b | 16.09 ± 0.55 b | 22.86 ± 0.52 e | |
CO75HO25 6 | 13.89 ± 0.47 b | 16.80 ± 0.66 ab | 19.34 ± 0.41 f | |
C16:0 | CO25HO75 0 | 7.25 ± 0.007 e | 9.28 ± 0.10 d | 14.70 ± 1.02 d |
CO25HO75 2 | 7.24 ± 0.35 e | 8.18 ± 0.98 d | 14.57 ± 0.97 d | |
CO25HO75 6 | 7.005 ± 0.09 e | 8.54 ± 0.17 e | 18.68 ± 0.54 b | |
CO50HO50 0 | 7.75 ± 0.12 d | 10.52 ± 0.17 c | 9.49 ± 0.08 e | |
CO50HO50 2 | 7.75 ± 0.25 d | 10.04 ± 0.38 c | 13.62 ± 0.47 d | |
CO50HO50 6 | 8.13 ± 0.07 d | 9.32 ± 0.16 d | 23.62 ± 0.60 a | |
CO75HO25 0 | 10.01 ± 0.04 a | 12.50 ± 0.09 a | 16.75 ± 0.24 c | |
CO75HO25 2 | 8.67 ± 0.04 c | 11.27 ± 0.08 b | 13.33 ± 1.07 d | |
CO75HO25 6 | 9.31 ± 0.37 b | 11.34 ± 0.56 b | 18.77 ± 0.73 b | |
C18:0 | CO25HO75 0 | 3.58 ± 0.14 cd | 4.69 ± 0.18 bcde | 12.56 ± 0.03 c |
CO25HO75 2 | 3.58 ± 0.13 cd | 4.63 ± 0.23 bcde | 13.78 ± 1.04 bc | |
CO25HO75 6 | 3.50 ± 0.04 cd | 4.43 ± 0.09 cd | 15.69 ± 0.62 b | |
CO50HO50 0 | 3.67 ± 0.13 cd | 5.08 ± 0.21 bc | 7.76 ± 0.47 d | |
CO50HO50 2 | 3.30 ± 0.02 d | 4.24 ± 0.04 d | 14.24 ± 0.12 bc | |
CO50HO50 6 | 3.75 ± 0.14 bc | 4.47 ± 0.27 bcd | 20.59 ± 1.76 a | |
CO75HO25 0 | 4.59 ± 0.37 a | 5.94 ± 0.53 a | 13.74 ± 0.71 bc | |
CO75HO25 2 | 3.91 ± 0.19 bc | 5.13 ± 0.14 b | 12.40 ± 1.90 c | |
CO75HO25 6 | 4.15 ± 0.27 b | 5.00 ± 0.43 bcd | 19.73 ± 1.73 a | |
C18:1 n-9 | CO25HO75 0 | 12.20 ± 0.22 a | 12.49 ± 0.09 a | 31.70 ± 0.74 bc |
CO25HO75 2 | 12.17 ± 0.22 a | 11.97 ± 0.47 a | 34.40 ± 1.39 ab | |
CO25HO75 6 | 12.06 ± 0.12 a | 12.32 ± 0.21 ab | 31.85 ± 0.47 bc | |
CO50HO50 0 | 10.56 ± 0.27 bc | 11.18 ± 0.40 b | 29.44 ± 0.67 cd | |
CO50HO50 2 | 10.00 ± 0.33 cd | 9.84 ± 0.54 c | 34.37 ± 1.43 ab | |
CO50HO50 6 | 10.92 ± 0.25 b | 11.81 ± 0.52 ab | 27.92 ± 1.51 d | |
CO75HO25 0 | 10.30 ± 0.57 bc | 11.92 ± 0.82 ab | 22.89 ± 1.04 e | |
CO75HO25 2 | 9.32 ± 0.34 d | 9.29 ± 0.09 c | 33.47 ± 3.15 ab | |
CO75HO25 6 | 9.84 ± 0.44 cd | 9.29 ± 0.73 c | 37.09 ± 2.16 a | |
C18:2 n-6 | CO25HO75 0 | 42.05 ± 0.07 a | 44.43 ± 0.96 a | 31.70 ± 0.74 cd |
CO25HO75 2 | 42.04 ± 0.09 a | 42.16 ± 0.30 a | 34.40 ± 1.39 c | |
CO25HO75 6 | 42.68 ± 0.60 a | 43.66 ± 1.14 ab | 31.85 ± 0.47 c | |
CO50HO50 0 | 30.88 ± 0.91 b | 33.73 ± 1.55 b | 29.44 ± 0.67 d | |
CO50HO50 2 | 28.64 ± 1.38 c | 28.98 ± 2.20 c | 34.37 ± 1.43 c | |
CO50HO50 6 | 30.91 ± 0.87 b | 34.24 ± 1.67 b | 27.92 ± 1.51 d | |
CO75HO25 0 | 18.25 ± 1.07 e | 20.24 ± 1.47 d | 22.89 ± 1.04 d | |
CO75HO25 2 | 18.28 ± 0.73 e | 16.96 ± 0.40 e | 33.47 ± 3.15 b | |
CO75HO25 6 | 20.30 ± 0.74 d | 14.67 ± 1.27 e | 51.87 ± 2.40 a | |
C18:3 n-3 | CO25HO75 0 | 12.66 ± 0.03 a | 12.66 ± 0.03 a | 26.00 ± 1.34 e |
CO25HO75 2 | 12.42 ± 0.26 a | 12.20 ± 0.53 b | 34.53 ± 1.47 bc | |
CO25HO75 6 | 12.57 ± 0.16 a | 13.66 ± 0.26 a | 27.54 ± 0.46 de | |
CO50HO50 0 | 8.94 ± 0.46 b | 9.83 ± 0.78 c | 26.71 ± 2.03 de | |
CO50HO50 2 | 8.11 ± 0.34 c | 7.07 ± 0.55 e | 41.92 ± 2.05 ab | |
CO50HO50 6 | 8.77 ± 0.22 b | 8.68 ± 0.46 d | 34.04 ± 1.79 bc | |
CO75HO25 0 | 4.81 ± 0.36 e | 5.14 ± 0.48 f | 28.81 ± 1.32 de | |
CO75HO25 2 | 5.22 ± 0.24 de | 5.44 ± 0.09 f | 30.45 ± 1.98 cd | |
CO75HO25 6 | 5.83 ± 0.24 d | 5.02 ± 0.42 f | 42.67 ± 2.45 a |
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Bandara, R.R.; Louis-Gavet, C.; Bryś, J.; Mańko-Jurkowska, D.; Górska, A.; Brzezińska, R.; Siol, M.; Makouie, S.; Palani, B.K.; Obranović, M.; et al. Enzymatic Interesterification of Coconut and Hemp Oil Mixtures to Obtain Modified Structured Lipids. Foods 2024, 13, 2722. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172722
Bandara RR, Louis-Gavet C, Bryś J, Mańko-Jurkowska D, Górska A, Brzezińska R, Siol M, Makouie S, Palani BK, Obranović M, et al. Enzymatic Interesterification of Coconut and Hemp Oil Mixtures to Obtain Modified Structured Lipids. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2722. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172722
Chicago/Turabian StyleBandara, Ranahansi Rangadharee, Chloé Louis-Gavet, Joanna Bryś, Diana Mańko-Jurkowska, Agnieszka Górska, Rita Brzezińska, Marta Siol, Sina Makouie, Bharani Kumar Palani, Marko Obranović, and et al. 2024. "Enzymatic Interesterification of Coconut and Hemp Oil Mixtures to Obtain Modified Structured Lipids" Foods 13, no. 17: 2722. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172722