Differential Characteristics of the Metabolic Profiles and Microbial Community between Superior and Normal Grades of Nongxiangxing-daqu
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Daqu Quality Evaluating and Sampling
2.2. Culture-Dependent Microbial Counts
2.3. Determination of Physiochemical Properties
2.4. Analysis of Volatile Compounds
2.5. DNA Extraction and Amplicon High-Throughput Sequencing
2.6. Bioinformatics and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cultivable Microbial Counts of NXDQ Samples
3.2. Comparison of Physicochemical Properties
3.3. Microbial Community α-Diversity and β-Diversity between S- and N-NXDQ
3.4. Microbial Community Composition and Difference between S- and N-NXDQ
3.5. Volatile Compounds Composition
3.6. Dominant Microbial Relationships with the Physicochemical Properties and the Differential Volatile Compounds
3.7. Potential Function Prediction and Metabolic Pathways of the Microbial Communities in S- and N-NXDQ
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NXDQ | Sample | Moisture (%) | Acidity (mmol/10 g) | Liquifying Power (g/g·h) | Saccharification Power (mg/g·h) | Esterifying Power (mg/g·100 h) | Ferment Power (gCO2/g·72 h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-NXDQ | MSH_S | 11.30 ± 0.49 c | 0.60 ± 0.07 c | 2.34 ± 0.06 c | 366.00 ± 50.91 c | 27.74 ± 1.73 b | 0.49 ± 0.01 a |
MYP_S | 11.80 ± 0.07 c | 1.70 ± 0.02 b | 3.85 ± 0.11 a | 519.00 ± 10.61 a | 25.71 ± 5.00 b | 0.30 ± 0.04 b | |
N-NXDQ | MSH_N | 12.27 ± 0.52 b | 0.58 ± 0.03 c | 2.26 ± 0.01 c | 462.00 ± 72.00 ab | 22.56 ± 4.54 bc | 0.25 ± 0.08 b |
MYP_N | 13.33 ± 0.88 a | 2.15 ± 0.56 a | 2.65 ± 0.07 b | 375.00 ± 72.12 c | 33.64 ± 0.31 a | 0.33 ± 0.02 b |
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Hou, X.; Hui, M.; Gu, X.; Shi, X.; Fan, C.; Wang, J.; Li, X.; Pan, C.; Li, R. Differential Characteristics of the Metabolic Profiles and Microbial Community between Superior and Normal Grades of Nongxiangxing-daqu. Foods 2024, 13, 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060914
Hou X, Hui M, Gu X, Shi X, Fan C, Wang J, Li X, Pan C, Li R. Differential Characteristics of the Metabolic Profiles and Microbial Community between Superior and Normal Grades of Nongxiangxing-daqu. Foods. 2024; 13(6):914. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060914
Chicago/Turabian StyleHou, Xiaoge, Ming Hui, Xiaoman Gu, Xin Shi, Chenming Fan, Junfei Wang, Xuesi Li, Chunmei Pan, and Ruifang Li. 2024. "Differential Characteristics of the Metabolic Profiles and Microbial Community between Superior and Normal Grades of Nongxiangxing-daqu" Foods 13, no. 6: 914. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060914